Objective(s): Central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) is the most important region for morphine-induced reward, and GABAergic system plays an important role on morphine reinforcement. The influence of CeA administration of GABAB receptor agonist and antagonist on the expression and acquisition of morphine-induced incentive tolerance using conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm was investigated i...

The purpose of this research was to formulate and systemically evaluate in-vitro and in-vivo performances of mucoadhesive propranolol hydrochloride microspheres for its potential use in the treatment of hypertension, myocardial infraction and cardiac arrhythmias. Propranolol hydrochloride mucoadhesive microspheres, containing carbopol-934P as mucoadhesive polymer and ethyl cellulose as carrier ...

Hydrophobic grade fumed silicas are generally used in tabletting as lubricants. They are also found to retard the release of pharmaceutical actives. This is because of their hydrophobic nature, which gives good cohesive and adhesive properties. considering this point it was thought that they could be used as dry coating agents for solid dosages forms. The model drug selected for this work was p...

The authors present the in vivo investigation options drug allergy. In suspicion of induced hypersensitivity reaction prick testing, intradermal testing and patch are recommended according to assumed immuno-mechanism. If these examinations negative, next step is provocation test, which gold standard diagnosis We summarize methods, indications contraindications evaluationof each focusing on issu...

Fexofenadine (Allegra® 180) is a second-generation antihistamine. It is widely used as anti-allergic drug, which suppresses various allergic reactions mediated by histamines. A few cases of H1-antihistamine-induced urticaria have been reported. Herein, we report a rare case of fexofenadine-induced urticaria which was confirmed by a prick test, oral provocation test, and flow cytometry assisted-...

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is characterized by recurrent well-defined lesions in the same location each time the responsible drug is taken. We report here a case of multiple FDE induced by atenolol in a 48-year-old woman confirmed by positive patch test in previously affected sites. Beta-blockers-induced FDE are very rare. Only two cases had been reported in the literature. To the best of our kn...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of different induced head-neck-jaw postures on head-neck relocation error among healthy subjects. METHODS 30 healthy adult male subjects participated in this study. Cervicocephalic kinesthetic sense was measured while standing, habitual sitting, habitual sitting with clenched jaw and habitual sitting with forward head posture during right rotation, left ro...