Gender differences have been well described in pharmacokinetics and contribute to the interindividual variation in drug disposition, therapeutic response, and drug toxicity. Sex-related differences in the membrane transport of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics have been reported in various organs of the body including kidney, liver, intestine, and brain. These gender-related differences in ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate (+)-catechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) cellular uptake and transport across human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer in both the absence and presence of niosomal carrier in variable conditions. The effect of free drugs and drug-loaded niosomes on the growth of Caco-2 cells was studied. The effects of time, temperature, and concentration on drug ...

Analysis is presented for Case II drug transport with axial and radial release from cylinders. The previously reported [J. Control Release 5 (1987) 37] relationships for radial release from films and slabs are special cases of the general solution derived in this study. The widely used exponential relation M(t)/M(infinity) = kt(n) describes nicely the first 60% of the fractional release curve w...

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The efficacy of nucleus-targeted drug- or gene-carrying nanoparticles may be limited by slow transport through the molecularly crowded cytoplasm following endosome escape. Cytoskeletal elements and cellular organelles may pose steric and/or adhesive obstacles to the efficient intracellular transport of nanoparticles. To potentially reduce adhesive interactions of colloids with intracellular com...

The uptake of the echinocandin drug caspofungin acetate in Candida albicans was evaluated at drug levels at or near the MIC for the organism. Maximal uptake was achieved in 10 min and was energy independent. A saturable transport system, consistent with a facilitated-diffusion carrier, was observed with the unlabeled drug competing with the labeled drug for uptake and efflux. More than 90% of t...