statement of problem: root canal cleaning and elimination of the source of infection are the most important basis and the main requirements for successful root treatment since the main cause of failure in root treatment is the permeation of bacteria or their products into the periapical tissues. nowadays, the newly designed and prcsented instruments for canal instrumentation can improve root tr...

introduction: the preparation of the root canal space includes debridement, shaping and apical preparation. these procedures are challenging and constitute. the recent introduction of automated techniques for canal preparation has created considerable interest. the aim of this study was to test shaping ability of one hand instrumentation (passive step-back technique) and new rotary niti system ...

Background & Importance: Spinal deformity is one of the most common disorders among the vertebral diseases that results from unnatural curvatures of spine, such as scoliosis and kyphosis. Spinal fusion surgery is used most commonly to treat certain types of spinal deformity. Herein, we reported the efficacy of posterior spinal fusion accompanied by instrumentation in patients with the...

Atom is a powerful platform for the implementation of prooling, debugging and simulation tools. Kernel support in ATOM makes it possible to implement similar tools for the Digital UNIX kernel. We describe four non-trivial Atom kernel tools which demonstrate the support provided in Atom for kernel work as well as the range of application of Atom kernel tools. We go on to discuss some techniques ...

BACKGROUND Although anterolateral decompression and instrumentation has several advantages in treating thoracolumbar burst fractures, the risk factors for supplementary posterior instrumentation are still unclear. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 238 patients who underwent anterolateral decompression and instrumentation for single-level thoracolumbar burst fractures from January 2010 and M...

Problems such as inconsistent or erroneous instrumentation often plague applications whose source code is manually instrumented during the implementation phase. Integrating performance instrumentation capabilities into the Model Driven Software Development (MDSD) process would greatly assist software engineers who do not have detailed knowledge of source code instrumentation technologies. This ...

Program coverage is an important software quality metric. Coverage is most commonly gathered in the testing lab during development. However, developers also sometimes use inexpensive forms of program coverage in production software. In the post-deployment scenario, users often place very strict requirements on tracing overheads and legal instrumentation strategies. This work deals specifically ...

The use of threads is becoming commonplace in both sequential and parallel programs. This paper describes our design and initial experience with non-trace based performance instrumentation techniques for threaded programs. Our goal is to provide detailed performance data while maintaining control of instrumentation costs. We have extended Paradyn’s dynamic instrumentation (which can instrument ...