OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is caused by episodes of upper airway (UA) obstruction due to an inability of UA muscles such as the geniohyoids and sternohyoids to maintain airway patency. This results in chronic episodic hypercapnic hypoxia. Chronic continuous hypoxia and episodic hypocapnic hypoxia affect skeletal muscle structure and function, but the effects of chronic episodic hyp...

The use of unbounded tendons is common in prestressed concrete structures and evaluation of the stress increase in unbonded tendons at ultimate flexural strength of such structure has posed a great challenge over the years. Based on the bending experiment for two-span continuous post-tension beams with unbounded tendons and externally applied CFRP sheets, the monitoring of the stress increment ...