Spinal anaesthesia developed in the late 1800s with the work of Wynter, Quincke and Corning. However, it was the German surgeon, Karl August Bier in 1898, who probably gave the first spinal anaesthetic. Bier also gained first-hand experience of the disabling headache related to dural puncture. He correctly surmised that the headache was related to excessive loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In...

PURPOSE To report a case of unilateral ectasia developing after LASIK in a patient with abnormal topography but normal tomographic indices. METHODS Case report and literature review. RESULTS A patient was treated bilaterally for myopia using LASIK. Five years and 5 months postoperatively, unilateral ectasia in the right eye was diagnosed. Preoperatively, anterior curvature (Placido) map of ...

Corneal ectasia is a rare complication involving the visual function. The disease starts sometimes insidiously with a long delay before clinical presentation; it is irreversible with pejorative prognosis (it may be an indication for a corneal graft). These characteristics make it a dreaded complication and give it an adverse and pernicious dimension. It can be caused by thermal burn. We report ...

The term coronary ectasia is reserved to describe a diffuse dilatation of coronary artery segments that have a diameter that exceeds the size of normal adjacent coronary segments by 1.5 times. The occurrence of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) ranges from 3% to 8% in the group of patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography. The CAE is associated with traditional risk factors and o...

PURPOSE To report an interesting case of concomitant bilateral Terrien's marginal degeneration-like corneal ectasia and posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy in a young man with quiescent rheumatoid arthritis. CASE REPORT A 24-year-old man with history of rheumatoid arthritis presented with bilateral decreased vision since four years ago. Slit lamp examination revealed bilateral circumfere...

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an abnormality of the coronary anatomy and might be a variant of the Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The CAE can cause angina pectoris and even MI with vasospasm, dissection, or thrombus in patients without CAD. Isolated CAE is defined as CAE without significant coronary artery stenosis. The mechanisms responsible for ectasia formation are not clearly known. Howe...

The development of corneal ectasia has been recognized as a complication after LASIK since the first case report from Seiler and Quurke in the late 1990s. The clinical picture of iatrogenic corneal ectasia resembles that of progressive keratoconus with reduced corneal biomechanical strength, increasing central corneal steepness, irregular refractive errors, and decreasing visual acuity. Since t...

We attempted combined use of angioscopy and intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) to localize the coronary ostia and determine the aortic segment to be replaced in patients with annuloaortic ectasia, because these preoperative informations are important for selection of an appropriate technique for reconstructing the coronary artery, to prevent complications, and also to postoperative follow-up....

Idiopathic or congenital coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an uncommon form of coronary artery disease. In adults, coronary artery ectasia is usually associated with atherosclerotic change and is well recognized clinical entity encountered during cardiac catheterization. Coronary artery dilatation in pediatric is usually associated with the sequelae of Kawasaki disease. Congenital coronary arter...

PURPOSE To report a case of corneal ectasia following hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis in a patient who had previous laser thermal keratoplasty. METHODS Case report. RESULTS We report a case of a 66-year-old emmetropic man initially presented with complaint of difficulty reading without correction. Laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) was performed on the non-dominant right eye, resulting...