Abstract Over the course of last decades, closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) and reverse logistics issues have attracted increasing attention owing to strict environmental laws, social responsibilities, economic interests, customer awareness. Hence, issue chain has emerged as a field research in new era. This received much because it allows recyclable products return their original cycle. Therefo...

In this paper, developed a new multi-product, multi-period, and multi-level closed-loop green supply chain planning model under uncertain conditions. The formulated model consists of five objective functions, which minimize the cost of the supply chain, minimize the CO2 emission of transportation vehicles, maximize the reliability of manufacturing and distribution centers, maximize t...

International laws and increasing consumer awareness have led to drastic changes in traditional supply chain network designs. Moreover, because of environmental social requirements, networks changed sustainable networks. On the other hand, reverse logistics can be effective terms economic aspects, so design as a closed loop is necessary. In addition, customers demand for different products with...

Designing the supply chain network is one of significant areas in e-commerce business management. This concept plays a crucial role systems. For example, location-inventory-pricing-routing an considered issue this field. field established many severe challenges modern world, like maintaining for returned items, preserving customers’ trust and satisfaction, developing applicable with cost consid...

Closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) are gaining popularity due to their efficiency in addressing economic, environmental, and social concerns. An important point ponder the distribution of CLSC is that imperfect refrigeration bad road conditions may result product non-conformance during transit thus such products be returned node. This hinder level customer satisfaction. paper presents a sustainab...

A trend in up-to-date developments in supply chain management (SCM) is to make supply chains more agile, flexible, and responsive. In supply chains, different structures (functional, organizational, informational, financial etc.) are (re)formed. These structures interrelate with each other and change in dynamics. The paper introduces a new conceptual framework for multi-structural planning and ...