Individuals or criminal organizations carry out various activities in all countries of the world with illegal methods to gain unfair economic benefits. With theft, bribery, and fraud being lead, many types crimes disrupt social order society, damage mutual trust between individuals, feed informal economy. This study aims determine relationship socioeconomic factors. Within scope study, panel da...

A computationally simple bias correction for linear dynamic panel data models is proposed and its asymptotic properties are studied when the number of time periods fixed or tends to infinity with units. The approach can accommodate both fixed-effects random-effects assumptions, heteroskedastic errors, as well higher-order autoregressive models. Panel-corrected standard errors that allow robust ...