BACKGROUND Psychological stress is an important factor of acne pathogenesis. Stress related production of hormones, cytokines and neuropeptides may result in the chronic course and exacerbations of the disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between acne severity, intensity of emotional stress and serum concentration of substance P (scSP), to compare the inten...

In the setting of antiplane linearized elasticity, we show the existence of the stress intensity factor and its relation with the energy release rate when the crack path is a C curve. Finally, we show that the energy release rate is continuous with respect to the Hausdorff convergence in a class of admissible cracks.

It is generally accepted that residual stresses present in welded joints alter the conditions for fracture initiation by contributing to the crack-driving force. In this study, it is shown that weld residual stresses also alter crack-tip constraint, affecting fracture in an additional way. The fracture behavior of two crack geometries, a large pressure shell and a small fracture specimen, both ...

In this paper, the plates made of functionally graded material (FGM) with and without a crack are numerically simulated, employing the finite element method (FEM). The material property variations are defined to be fully continuous; therefore, the elements can be as small as required. For this purpose, variations of the material properties are applied in both the integration points and in the n...

Finite element method (FEM) is one of the most famous methods which has many applications in varies studies such as the study of crack propagation in engineering structures. However, unless extremely fine meshes are employed, problem arises in accurately modelling the singular stress field in the singular element area around the crack tip. In the present study, the crack growth simulation has b...