Objectives: the present study aimed to design and test a model of factors affecting the acceptance of cosmetic surgery in Iranian female students. Methods: a sample of 600 female students, ages 18 to 35, were selected from Kharazmi university by using cluster random sampling. The participants completed a set of questionnaires including " the short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) "...

Economic development involves a structural transformation in the way people are allocated to tasks. There is a shift from self-provision to market exchange, facilitating specialization. There is also a shift from self-employment to wage employment in large firms and organizations, driven by innovation and increasing returns to scale. Changes in allocation mechanisms require changes in norms and...

Insomnia has a negative impact on mental health and is potential risk factor for impulsive problematic behavior. This multicenter, cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of insomnia underlying maintaining factors in group forensic psychiatric inpatients (N = 281). severity, subjective sleep quality, hygiene erroneous cognitions about were measured with Severity Index, Pittsburgh Slee...

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and dysfunctional reactions with marital intimacy among married men and women in Mashhad City, Iran. Methods: The data collection tools in this study included the Persian version of the Toronto alexithymia scale-20 (2008), the dysfunctional attitude scale (Weissman and Beck 1978), and the intimacy scale (Walker and...

Compulsive buying is an abnormal form of consumer spending which afflicts many individuals who, as a result, often find themselves in deep debt. An instrument to assess compulsive spending behavior is developed and the reliability and validity of the scale and its subscales are evaluated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirm five hypothesized dimensions comprising compulsive spe...