a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964-8000, USA b Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA c Department of Geosciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA d School of Earth and Environmental Scienc...

Matter effects on neutrino oscillations in both, a supernova and the Earth, change the observed supernova neutrino spectra. We calculate the expected number of supernova neutrino interactions for ICARUS, SK and SNO detectors as a function of the distance which they traveled in the Earth. Calculations are performed for supernova type II at 10 kpc from the Earth, using standard supernova neutrino...

Calculation of lateral earth pressure on retaining walls is one of the main issues in geotechnics. The upper and lower bound theorems of plasticity are used to analyze the stability of geotechnical structures include bearing capacity of foundations, lateral earth pressure on retaining walls and factor of safety of slopes. In this paper formulation of finite element limit analysis is introduced ...

In this paper, the problem of a retaining wall under active translation mode is investigated numerically. To this end, a series of numerical models is conducted using the discrete element code, PFC2D. The backfill soil is simulated by an assembly of separate cohesionless circular particles. Backfill soil was prepared by pouring soil particles from a specific height under gravity force and givin...

The water supply is the crucial problem of human beings in the world. Earth dams are usually the most important structures to store and manage the main sources: surface waters. The safety of earth dams in different conditions especially under earthquake loadings plays a vital role in sustainable developments. Recently, mixed-clay soil is widely used as water- seal material in the core of earth ...

VARIATIONS IN CO CHONDRITES: BULK-ROCK, INTER AND INTRA-CHONDRULE DIFFERENCES J. Harvey, M.A. Fehr, J.L. Sharrock, I.J. Parkinson and R.H.James. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research (CEPSAR), The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; E-mail: [email protected]. School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, School of ...

Thorsten W. Becker,1 Göran Ekström,2 Lapo Boschi3 and John H. Woodhouse4 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, 3651 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles CA 90089-0740, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964, USA 3Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Switzerland 4Department of ...

Life has been built on the evolution and innovation of microbial metabolisms. Even with our scant understanding of the full diversity of microbial life, it is clear that microbes have become integral components of the biogeochemical cycles that drive our planet. The antiquity of life further suggests that various microbial metabolisms have been core and essential to global elemental cycling for...

Let us take a very commonplace, often discussed and critical topic within our conversations regarding critical environmental issues: Are we detecting a Greenhouse Effect, and related to this, is it exacerbated by "homogenic factors," i.e., human actions? At this occasion I suspect that most would be inclined to give a positive answer to both of these questions. But, if pushed philosophically, w...

Because the NEO population is constantly evolving and being replenished from the main asteroid belt and cometary reservoirs, it consists of objects with a variety of compositions and internal structures. These objects present unique opportunities for future planetary science goals and exploration. In order to realize these opportunities for future NASA studies, an expanded program for NEO disco...