NATO war medical doctrine was applied in the war in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, due to rather specific martial and organizational circumstances, the doctrine had to be modified. sometimes substantially. A medical team from the war hospital in Livno, Bosnia and Herzegovina describes their work with respect to the four-echelon NATO doctrine. The team covered a relatively large and a...

In several European countries with Germany leading a remarkable increase in capacities and corresponding electricity generation from wind and photovoltaic power plants took place in recent years. The core objective of this paper is to investigate the possible effects of such a further uptake of renewables on the European electricity markets. The major effects of these developments on the electr...

Levy and Arditti (1973) introduced depreciable assets into the Modigliani and Miller (1958) model, and analyzed the implications for the cost of capital. Assuming that the firm reinvests indefinitely to maintain a constant expected cash flow, they found that depreciation increases the cost of capital before and after tax. Most of their assumptions are maintained. However, commitment to perpetua...

– All-unit order frequency discount • 94%-effective policy for a variable base period – Incremental order frequency discount • 94%-effective policy for a fixed base period • 98%-effective policy for a variable base period Introduction • A supply chain is a network of facilities that procure raw materials, transform them into intermediate goods and then final products, and deliver the products t...

This paper undertakes an exploratory analysis of the inflationary dynamics within the Croatian economy over the period January 1992 December 1999. Recognizing the structural break in the inflationary process corresponding to the anti-inflationary stabilization program of October 1993, the analysis proceeds by estimating an augmented vector autoregressive (VAR) model of the log first-differences...

Exchange market pressure (EMP) measures the pressure on a currency to depreciate. It adds to the actual depreciation a weighted combination of policy instruments used to ward off depreciation, such as interest rates and foreign exchange interventions, where the weights are their effectiveness. The key difficulty in the literature is how to identify these weights. We exploit the persistence of p...

This paper considers a two-echelon capacitated supply chain with two non-identical retailers and information sharing. We characterize the optimal inventory policies. We also study the benefits of the optimal stock rationing policy over the first come first served (FCFS) and the modified echelon-stock rationing (MESR) policies. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

• Two-echelon vehicle routing problem with three important real-world extensions. Simultaneous handling of reverse flows, satellite capacities, and timing aspects. Matheuristic solution approach combines different decomposition strategies. New for efficient feasibility testing local-search moves. Last-mile collection delivery services often rely on multi-echelon logistic systems many types prac...

In multi-echelon inventory systems the performance of a given node is affected by events that occur at many other nodes and in many other time periods. For example, a supply disruption upstream will have an effect on downstream, customer-facing nodes several periods later as the disruption "cascades" through the system. There is very little research on stock-out prediction in single-echelon sys...

With the increasing complexities in supply chains and increasing global trade, integrated supply chain network design is utilized by the firms in order to reduce the overall cost while meeting the customer demand with requisite levels of service. This view of collaborative approach towards supply chain design has the potential of providing competitive edge for the firms in a highly competitive ...