The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) is backing an international initiative called the COordinated Regional climate Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX). The goal of the initiative is to provide regionally downscaled climate projections for most land regions of the globe, as a compliment to the global climate model projections performed within the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (...

A satellite-based climate record of monthly mean surface solar irradiance (SIS) is investigated with regard to possible inhomogeneities in time. The data record is provided by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) for the period of 1983 to 2005, covering a disk area between ±70◦ in lat...

Many aspects of reanalysis data are of high quality over regions with sufficiently dense data, but the accuracy is uncertain over areas with sparse observations. NCEP–NCAR reanalysis (NNR) and ECMWF 15/40-Yr Re-Analysis (ERA-15 and ERA-40) variables are compared to two independent rawinsonde datasets from the periphery of the Arctic Ocean during the late 1980s and early 1990s: the Coordinated E...

The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is a key region controlling transport between the troposphere and the stratosphere. The efficiency of transport across the TTL depends on the continuous interaction between the large-scale advection and the small-scale intermittent convection that reaches the Level of Zero radiative Heating (LZH). The wide range of scales involved presents a significant chall...

A reconstruction of Antarctic monthly mean near-surface temperatures spanning 1958–2012 is presented. Its primary goal is to take advantage of a recently revised key temperature record fromWestAntarctica (Byrd) to shed further light on multidecadal temperature changes in this region. The spatial interpolation relies on a kriging technique aided by spatiotemporal temperature covariances derived ...

Daily mean air temperature (TMP) is an important indicator for a climate change study and it reflects the daily changes of maximum minimum temperature. Downscaling General Circulation Model (GCM) to regional scale ensure accurate simulation TMP. To address this issue, comparison was conducted between Direct (DIR) one-way nesting (NEST) using Regional Climate (RegCM4) in period 1997-2017 over Eg...

Atmospheric circulation is a key driver of climate variability, and the representation atmospheric modes in regional models (RCMs) can enhance credibility projections. This study examines large-scale Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 RCMs once driven by ERA-Interim, two general (GCMs). The region Western Europe are classified using Promax rotated T-mode principal component analysis...

Abstract. Rain-on-snow (ROS) events can accelerate the surface ablation of sea ice, thus greatly influencing ice–albedo feedback. However, variability ROS over Arctic Ocean is poorly understood due to limited historical station data in this region. In study early melt season were investigated based on four widely used reanalysis products (ERA-Interim, JRA-55, MERRA, and ERA5) conjunction with a...

one of the most important issues which has long been considered as a shortfall in the civil procedure code (cpc) is the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal to issue interim orders. currently, neither the court nor the arbitral tribunal can freely grant the interim measure so that the tribunals and the court hardly accept the plea for granting the interim measure. the reason lies in the shortf...