Economic activity can be regarded as an evolutionary process governed by the 2 law of thermodynamics. The universal law, when formulated locally as an equation of motion, reveals that a growing economy develops functional machinery and organizes hierarchically in such a way as to tend to equalize energy density differences within the economy and in respect to the surroundings it is open to. Div...

a 1993 result of j. llibre, and m. misiurewicz, (theorem a [5]), states that if a continuous map f of a graph into itself has an s-horseshoe, then the topological entropy of f is greater than or equal to logs, that is h( f ) ? logs. also a 1980 result of l.s. block, j. guckenheimer, m. misiurewicz and l.s. young (lemma 1.5 [3]) states that if g is an a-graph of f then h(g) ? h( f ). in this pap...

introduction the morphologic features of human sperms are key indicators for monitoring fertility problems in men. therefore, automated analyzing methods via microscopic videos have become the most favorite policy in infertility treatment during the last decades. materials and methods in the proposed method, firstly a hypothesis testing framework was defined to distinguish sperms from backgroun...

The economic structure is the lifeblood of national economic development. Passenger structure within comprehensive transportation channel (CTC) is the key to play a higher efficiency and to operate normally of an integrated transport system. This paper analyzes the ideas of PTS optimization within CTC using bi-level planning strategies. And then a bi-level multi-objective programming model is e...

evaluation criteria for different versions of the same database the concept of information, during its development, is connected to the concept of entropy created by the 19th century termodynamics scholars. information means, in this view point, order or negentropy. on the other hand, entropy is connected to the concepts as chaos and noise, which cause, in turn, disorder. in the present paper, ...

Abstract This paper proposes a solution to certain macroeconomic model. A multi-alternative problem of aviation transportation optimal organisation in conditions uncertainty the subjective preference functions is considered. Conditional optimisation objective functional containing entropy individuals’ operational effectiveness preferences carried out framework simplest problem. The principle So...

General equilibrium equations in economics play the same role with many-body Newtonian equations in physics. Accordingly, each solution of the general equilibrium equations can be regarded as a possible microstate of the economic system. Since Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem and Rawls’ principle of social fairness will provide a powerful support for the hypothesis of equal probability, then the p...

Flood is a most serious hazard to life and property. Dams, dikes and levees are often designed to a fuzzy quantity (PMF). Probabilistic design is preferable but requires that hydrological data be translated into a local monoscopic flood probability distribution. This process introduces information that goes beyond the facts. The method of relative entropy with quantile constraints minimizes thi...

in this paper at rst, a history of mathematical models is given.next, some basic information about random variables, stochastic processesand markov chains is introduced. as follows, the entropy for a discrete timemarkov process is mentioned. after that, the entropy for sis stochastic modelsis computed, and it is proved that an epidemic will be disappeared after a longtime.