International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 180 complications (0.4–0.5). •Loss of productivity. Only two characteristics were associated with the respondent or other household members having experienced reduced productivity (inability to work, to earn or both) because of the respondent’s abortion-related morbidity. The odds of productivity loss among women who had spent one or ...

To increase crop yield per unit of scarce water requires both better cultivars and better agronomy. The challenge is to manage the crop or improve its genetic makeup to: capture more of the water supply for use in transpiration; exchange transpired water for CO2 more effectively in producing biomass; and convert more of the biomass into grain or other harvestable product. In the field, the uppe...

Standard economic models predict that a ceteris paribus increase in the overall productivity results in an increased production if the economy departs from an equilibrium state. We show that this result is valid under specific conditions In other cases, even if the initial conditions of an economic system are so that the economy converges into (or starts from) an equilibrium state, the increase...

abstract research and development (r&d;) spending plays a major role in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic growth. the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of r&d; spending on growth and total factor productivity (tfp) in iran's agricultural sector. we estimate growth and productivity models using auto-regressive distributed lag (ardl) approach and data over ...

This study attempts to empirically examine the impact of democracy on agricultural productivity by estimating a cross-country agricultural production function. In the regressions, we control the education, economic freedom, climate and geographic variables, in order to see if democracy can still explain a significant portion of the heterogeneity of agricultural productivities across countries. ...

BACKGROUND Most health economic evaluations of childhood vaccination only capture the health and short-term economic benefits. Measuring broader, long-term effects of vaccination on productivity and externalities could provide a more complete picture of the value of vaccines. METHOD MEDLINE, EconLit and NHS-EED databases were searched for articles published between January 1990 and July 2011,...

water user associations (wuas) are one of the water market development models and a way to transfer the irrigation management from government sector to water users which have been increasingly taken into account over the recent years. in iran accordingly, a number of wuas has been developed in downstream dam irrigation and drainage networks on pilot scale. the major goal of wuas is to improve w...

Traditional mixed livestock cereal- and pasture-based sheep farming systems in Europe are threatened by intensification and specialisation processes. However, the intensification process does not always yield improved economic results or efficiency. This study involved a group of farmers that raised an autochthonous sheep breed (Ojinegra de Teruel) in an unfavourable area of North-East Spain. T...