Conventional practices of bridge visual inspection present several limitations, including a tedious process analyzing images manually to identify potential damages. Vision-based techniques, particularly Deep Convolutional Neural Networks, have been widely investigated automatically identify, localize, and quantify defects in images. However, massive datasets with different annotation levels are...

Aim: The study aims to determine the types of deterioration that occur in natural stones Nebi Mosque, and effects cause them deteriorate, draw attention importance protecting building. scope is constituted by findings obtained observation-based research light current literature. Method: In study, deteriorations observed basalt stone limestone Diyarbakır Mosque were examined photographing in-sit...

We present a Humidity-controlled Fast Integrated Mobility Spectrometer (HFIMS) for rapid particle hygroscopicity measurements. The HFIMS consists of a differential mobility analyzer (DMA), a relative humidity (RH) control unit and a water-based FIMS (WFIMS) coupled in series. The WFIMS (Pinterich et al., 2017) combines the Fast Integrated Mobility Spectrometer (Kulkarni and Wang, 2006a, b) with...

Sea-salt aerosol (SSA) particles are ubiquitous in the marine boundary layer and over coastal areas. Therefore SSA have ability to directly and indirectly affect the Earth’s radiation balance. The influence SSA have on climate is related to their water uptake and ice nucleation characteristics. In this study, optical microscopy coupled with Raman spectroscopy was used to detect the formation of...

Historic buildings are constantly being exposed to numerous climatic changes such as damp and rainwater. Water migration into and out of the material's pores can lead to salt precipitation and the so-called efflorescence. The structure of the material may be seriously threatened by salt crystallization. A huge pressure is produced when salt hydrates occupy larger spaces, which leads at the end ...

Monitoring mine waste from sulfide deposits by hyperspectral remote sensing can be used to predict surface water quality by quantitatively estimating acid drainage and metal contamination on a yearly basis. In addition, analysis of the mineralogy of surface crusts rich in soluble salts can provide a record of annual humidity and temperature. In fact, temporal monitoring of salt efflorescence fr...

:the aim of this work is to investigate the influence of sodium oxide on properties of fresh and hardened paste of alkali-activated blast furnace slag from isfahan steel plant. the silica modulus (sio2/na2o) of activator was adjusted at 0.6 and a number of mixes were designed in such a way to contain different levels of sodium oxide including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6% by weight of dry slag. the mos...