For dynamic analyses of railway track structures, the algorithm of solution is very important. For estimating the important problems in the railway tracks such as the effects of rail joints, rail supports, rail modeling in the nearness of bridge and other problems, the models of the axially beam model on the elastic foundation can be utilized. For studying the effects of axially beam on the ela...

To distinguish the strengthening effect of multilayer graphene (MLG) on copper matrix from intrinsic grain boundary (GB), nanoindentation behavior in Cu/MLG interface (IB) region is investigated and further compared with those GB pure interior (GI) regions. The indentation displacement recovery ratio, elastic work hardness IB regions are significantly enhanced as GI can be attributed to during ...

bone has a capability to repair itself when it is fractured. repair involves the generation of intermediatetissues, such as fibrous connective tissue, cartilage and woven bone, before final bone healing can occur. theprocess of cartilage-to-bone transition (cbt) is a key for the achievement of rigid bone healing duringfracture repair. we tested this potential for elastic cartilage using a long ...

The tensile creep and creep-recovery behaviour of a unidirectional SiC fibre-Si3N4 matrix composite was analysed using finite element techniques. The analysis, based on the elastic and creep properties of each constituent, considered the influence of fibre-matrix bonding and processing-related residual stresses on creep and creep-recovery behaviour. Both twoand threedimensional finite element m...

Many snakes swallow large prey whole, and this process requires large displacements of the unfused tips of the mandibles and passive stretching of the soft tissues connecting them. Under these conditions, the intermandibular muscles are highly stretched but subsequently recover normal function. In the highly stretched condition we observed in snakes, sarcomere length (SL) increased 210% its res...