Abstract Traditional computer numeric control (CNC) machines have high accuracy but are limited by workpiece size and axes. Therefore, many researchers attempted to equip six-axis industrial robots (IRs) with milling end-effectors explore the robot’s large flexible working envelope. However, IRs lack stiffness force, resulting in low accuracy, poor surface roughness (SR), material removal rate ...

A rather novel method has been studied, referred to here as electric-field-induced coherent Raman scattering (E-CRS). Two beams of laser pulses of frequencies, whose energy difference matches to the Raman transition, produce an infrared (IR) coherent beam corresponding to the Raman transition energy in the presence of a direct-current (dc) electric field. The IR light may be considered as an an...

Synaptic plasticity occurs in several regions of the vertebrate brain and is believed to mediate the storage of behaviorally significant information during learning. Synaptic plasticity is well demonstrated in most cases, but the behavioral meaning of the relevant neural signals and the behavioral role of the plasticity are uncertain. In this paper we describe a case of synaptic plasticity whic...

Electrostatic discharges occur naturally as lightning strokes, and artificially in light sources and in materials processing. When an electrostatic discharge interacts with living matter, the basic physical effects can be accompanied by biophysical and biochemical phenomena, including cell excitation, electroporation, and electrofusion. To study these phenomena, we developed an experimental sys...

Positive and negative polarity fast ionization wave discharges in nitrogen and dry air are studied in a rectangular geometry channel over a wide range of time delays between the discharge pulses, s = 10 ms to 25 ls (pulse repetition rates of m = 100 Hz– 40 kHz). The discharge is generated by alternating polarity high-voltage pulses (peak voltage 18–23 kV, pulse duration 50–60 ns). Ionization wa...

A 2D cylindrically symmetric model is developed to study the streamer-less spark formation in a short gap on the timescale of ion motion. It incorporates the coupling between the electric discharge (described by reaction-drift-diffusion model on the timescale of ion motion and Poisson's equation) and the gas (described by Euler equations) through the heat generated by the discharge. The model i...

A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) produces a homogenous discharge with low energy consumption, offering broad developmental prospects, and this discharge process is also the mechanism through which charges are transported. Higher reaction efficiency is achieved when more charges are transported. Focusing on the electrode configuration of the multineedle-to-cylinder (MC) system, i.e., the str...