This paper quantifies the aggregate impact of various subsidies enjoyed by China's exporting firms in the electronics and communications equipment manufacturing sectors, which nearly makes up the majority of China's exports. Using firm level data from China’s National Bureau of Statistics for 2007, the peak year for China’s trade surplus, we find that although within some narrowly defined indus...

Fast growing and emerging economies face the dual challenge of sustainably expanding and improving their energy supply and reliability while at the same time reducing poverty. Critical to such transformation is to provide affordable and sustainable access to electricity. We use the capacity expansion model SWITCH to explore low carbon development pathways for the Kenyan power sector under a set...

Most analysts disagree upon whether photovoltaic systems (PV) will be able to play an important role in the energy scenarios of the future. A few scholars also question the appropriateness of policies that envisage the use of public subsidies to stimulate the growth of this industry and to accelerate market penetration. This paper contributes to this debate by examining whether carefully design...

A growing amount of literature investigates the contribution of subsidies to productivity growth and increase in competitiveness of firms. Understanding of the impact of the subsidies on regional productivity growth is essential for the assessment of the effectiveness of public policy. This paper evaluates the impact of subsidies on technological progress, allocative efficiency and economics of...

1. Overview Recently, Japan witnessed a serious nuclear power plant accident, owing to which a large amount of CO2 from thermal power plant was emitted into the atmosphere. Given the background of this unfortunate event, at present, there is a need to increase the generation of photovoltaic (PV) power from the viewpoint of saving electricity and reducing the CO2 emission. Therefore, in order to...

U.S. employment-based health benefits are exempt from income and payroll taxes, an exemption that provided tax subsidies of $326.2 billion in 2015. Both liberal and conservative economists have denounced these subsidies as “regressive” and lauded a provision of the Affordable Care Act—the Cadillac Tax—that would curtail them. The claim that the subsidies are regressive rests on estimates showin...

This paper reviews international experiences with the implementation of wage subsidies and develops a policy framework to guide their design in developing countries. The evidence suggests that, if the goal is only to create jobs, wage subsidies are unlikely to be an effective instrument. Wage subsidies, however, could have a role in helping first-time job seekers or those who have gone through ...

Successful countries provide economy and society with infrastructure needed to maintain growth. Development experience suggests that investing 7 percent of GDP in infrastructure is the right order of magnitude for high and sustained growth. Over the last twelve years, the government of Vietnam was able to sustain infrastructure investment at 10 percent of GDP. This remarkably high level of inve...

This study examined the empirical effects of electricity consumption on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Iran. To achieve this goal, we applied autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The results indicate that cointegration exists among consumption, economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development and emissions. Also findings increase has had a impact both short ...