The chemicals and materials used to manufacture and package semiconductors and printed circuit boards are called electronic chemicals. The purity of these electronic chemicals, given by the industry association Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI), is a very compromising concern for the semiconductor industrial sector, so very strict requirements are set to avoid microelec...

A model is constructed to describe the arbitrary deformation of a drop or vesicle that contains and embedded in an electrolyte solution, where caused by applied electric field. The field produces electrokinetic flow induced charge electro-osmosis. based on coupled Poisson-Nernst-Planck Stokes equations. These are reduced simplified forming limit strong electrolytes, for which ion densities rela...

More than 170 million individuals have been influenced by arsenic (As) because of the ingestion As-polluted groundwater. The presence As in water bodies, particularly groundwater, has found to become a widespread issue past few decades. Because causes extreme wellbeing impacts, even at low concentration drinking water, innovations removal from contaminated are significant importance. Traditiona...

Ionic polymer hydrogels with thermal responsive units are found to induce higher water permeation rates in the osmosis process, and higher water release rates under a combination of pressure and thermal stimuli. These hydrogels have the potential for use as draw agent in forward osmosis desalination.

Abstract The alternative desalination technique of membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) has emerged in the last 15 years and received a lot research attention since then. By using voltage applied between two electrodes covered with ion-exchange membranes, MCDI attempted to challenge established methods such as reverse osmosis or electrodialysis. In this study, through crosslinking sulfosucci...

BACKGROUND As an appropriate tool, membrane process is used for desalination of brackish water, in the production of drinking water. The present study aims to investigate desalination processes of brackish water of Qom Province in Iran. METHODS This study was carried out at the central laboratory of Water and Wastewater Company of the studied area. To this aim, membrane processes, including n...

It is shown that by combining the osmotic pressure and rate of diffusion laws an equation can be derived for the kinetics of osmosis. The equation has been found to agree with experiments on the rate of osmosis for egg albumin and gelatin solutions with collodion membranes.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been reported as alternative ways for treating reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate which is the primary concern water reclamation plants. AOPs are known to oxidize recalcitrant organic compounds by a highly reactive and nonselective oxidant, hydroxyl radical (<sup>?</sup>OH). Researchers showed that such conventional Fenton, UV/H<sub>2<...

We developed a method for the in situ synthesis of an oligoamide coating on gold. The resultant surface chemical composition, wettability, and chemical nature were comparable to aromatic polyamide films used as reverse osmosis membranes. Hence, the oligoamide wafer may be used in adsorption/fouling studies as a surface mimetic of reverse osmosis membranes.