Ž . Ž . Four quanta of light, absorbed by Photosystem II PS II , drive the catalytic center of oxygen evolution OEC through w x Ž . Ž . five transitions which are named S ́S to S ́S TMS 1 . Manganese Mn , tyrosine Y and a chemically 0 1 3 4 0 4 Z ill-defined compound, X, serve as redox cofactors. Transient optical absorption spectra of PS II core particles have led us to ) ) y w x propose that ...

Gerald Schoenknecht, Holger Lill, Siegfried Engelbrecht and Wolfgang Junge Biophysik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie Universitaet Osnabrueck, Postfach 4469 D-4500 Osnabrueck, Germany (FRG) We investigated the proton conductance of the channel portion of chloroplast ATP synthase (CFo) in thylakoids which were depleted from the soluble portion of the ATP synthase (CF1) by EDTA treatment. Proton pump...

Organic electronics has evolved into a well-established research field thanks to major progresses in material sciences during recent decades. More attention was paid to this research field when “the discovery and development of conductive polymers” was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2000. Electronic devices that rely on tailor-made material functionalities, the ability of solution proc...

Over recent years there has been a tendency to target the development of chiral materials for use in healthcare treatments. In such applications and therapies the optical purity is an important factor to consider. Two common materials, that have relevance in bio-medical applications, and which are available in their chiral and racemic forms are menthol and ibuprofen. In this article we quantita...

The ability to process conjugated polymers via aqueous solution is highly advantageous for reducing the costs and environmental hazards of large scale roll-to-roll processing of organic electronics. However, maintaining competitive electronic properties while achieving aqueous solubility is difficult for several reasons: (1) Materials with polar functional groups that provide aqueous solubility...

This paper describes the history and science behind the development of modern flat-panel displays, and assesses future trends. Electronic displays are an important feature of modern life. For many years the cathode ray tube, an engineering marvel, was universal, but its shape was cumbersome and its operating voltage too high. The need for a flat-panel display, working at a low voltage, became i...

In this paper, porous zinc oxide (ZnO) nanosheets were successfully prepared by a simple low-temperature hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) tests showed that the synthesized product was ZnO with sheet structure. The diameter of about 100 nm thickness 8 nm. As photocatalyst, degradation efficiencie...

Biomacromolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and virus particles, are persistent molecular entities with dimensions that exceed the range of their intermolecular forces hence undergoing degradation by thermally induced bond-scission upon heating. Consequently, for this type of molecule, the absence of a liquid phase can be regarded as a general phenomenon. However, certain advantageous p...