We report on studies of an inorganic electrolyte: LiAlCl4 in liquid sulfur dioxide. Concentrated solutions show a very high conductivity when compared with typical electrolytes for lithium ion batteries that are based on organic solvents. Our investigations include conductivity measurements and measurements of transference numbers via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and by a classical direct m...

The oxidative behavior of Auranofin, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosato- S(triethylphosphine)gold(I), was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 M Bu(4)NPF(6)/CH(2)Cl(2) and 0.1 M Bu(4)NPF(4)/CH(2)Cl(2) solutions using Pt working and auxiliary electrodes and a Ag/AgCI reference. CV studies at scan rates from 50-2,000 mV/s and Auranofin concentrations between 1 an...

We tested the response of ion-selective sodium and potassium electrodes that are a part of the new multi-channel chemical analyzers, Astra 8 and Astra 4 (Beckman). For this we used plain and albumin-containing aqueous solutions of known Na+ and K+ concentrations, varied inversely so we could assess how the concentration of each electrolyte would affect the response of the other electrode. The s...

Diffusioosmosis of an electrolyte solution is the electrokinetic flow involving a tangential concentration gradient of the electrolyte that interacts with a charged wall. Electrolyte solutions with a concentration gradient of order 1 M/cm along solid surfaces with a zeta potential of order kT/e (~25 mV; e is the charge of a proton, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the absolute temperature)...

To determine the effectiveness of 3 commonly used beverages in restoring fluid and electrolyte balance, 8 volunteers dehydrated by 1.94% +/- 0.17% of body mass by intermittent exercise in the heat, then ingested a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (Gatorade), carbonated water/apple-juice mixture (Apfelschorle), and San Benedetto mineral water in a volume equal to 150% body-mass loss. These drin...

A comprehensive model has been developed for calculating the viscosity of aqueous or mixed-solvent electrolyte systems ranging from dilute solutions to fused salts. The model incorporates a mixing rule for calculating the viscosity of solvent mixtures and a method for predicting the effect of finite electrolyte concentrations. The mixing rule represents the viscosity of multicomponent solvent m...

Transport properties of concentrated electrolytes have been analyzed using classical molecular dynamics simulations with the algorithms and parameters typical of simulations describing complex electrokinetic phenomena. The electrical conductivity and transport numbers of electrolytes containing monovalent (KCl), divalent (MgCl2), a mixture of both (KCl + MgCl2), and trivalent (LaCl3) cations ha...

A comprehensive model has been developed for calculating self-diffusion coefficients in mixedsolvent electrolyte solutions. The model includes methods for calculating the self-diffusion coefficients of ions and neutral species at infinite dilution and for predicting the effect of finite concentrations of electrolytes. For limiting diffusivities, a mixing rule has been developed for predicting t...

How colloidal particles interact with each other is one of the key issues that determines our ability to interpret experimental results for phase transitions in colloidal dispersions and our ability to apply colloid science to various industrial processes. The long-accepted theories for answering this question have been challenged by results from recent experiments. Herein we show from Monte-Ca...

The consequences of source charge and surface modulation are studied within the framework of the Poisson-Boltzmann theory of electrolyte solutions. Through a consideration of various examples, it is found that inherent modulation can lead to both like-charge attraction and overcharging effects.