Abstract In the Southern Ocean (SO), iron (Fe) limitation strongly inhibits phytoplankton growth and generally decreases their primary productivity. Diatoms are a key component in carbon (C) cycle, by taking up large amounts of anthropogenic CO 2 through biological pump. this study, we investigated effects Fe availability (no 4 nM FeCl 3 addition) on physiology Chaetoceros cf. simplex , an ecol...

We provide a direct proof of two-electron Andreev transitions in a superconductor-normal-metal tunnel junction by detecting them in a real-time electron counting experiment. Our results are consistent with ballistic Andreev transport with an order of magnitude higher rate than expected for a uniform barrier, suggesting that only part of the interface is effectively contributing to the transport...

The Existential Theory of the Reals (ETR) consists existentially quantified Boolean formulas over equalities and inequalities polynomial functions real variables. In this paper we propose study approximate existential theory reals (ϵ-ETR) in which constraints are only satisfied approximately. We first show that when domain variables is then ϵ-ETR = ETR under time reductions, constrained problem...

A density matrix approach is used in combination with a tight-binding model to describe electron transport in terahertz quantum cascade lasers and is incorporated into a Monte Carlo simulation. Scattering events, including LO-phonon, electron-electron, and ionized impurity scattering, are treated semiclassically but contribute to dephasing scattering. In addition, a phenomenological “pure depha...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of end treatment virologic response (ETR) with pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin in treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients who failed to respond to interferon plus ribavirin therapy given for at least 24 weeks. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Medical Unit-II, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Shafi Clinic Rawalpindi and PAEC ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate predictive factors of treatment efficacy to interferon (IFN)/ribavirin in patients infected with HCV genotype 1b (HCV-1b). METHODS This study investigated pretreatment predictors, including viral- (aa substitutions in core aa 70/91 and NS5A-ISDR/IRRDR) and host-related factors (genetic variation near IL28B gene), to 48-week IFN/ribavirin in 490 Japanese adults infected w...

BACKGROUND Rosacea is a chronic cutaneous disease. Therapeutic modalities should be chosen based on the identified sub-types and clinical features in each patient. Vascular lasers, including intense pulsed light (IPL), are reportedly safe and effective in treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR). OBJECTIVE In this study, we assess the comparative efficacy of IPL related to several fact...

rockfill dams are accounted as useful measures in watershed management projects. how-ever, the sediment transport through the rockfill materials, could impact their lifetime duration. previously, researches have been conducted to describe the various hydraulically issues of the flow passing through these structures however; there is no general relationship to estimate the sediment transport rat...

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we provide a novel analysis of a baseband timereversal (TR) beamforming system using two propagation models commonly used in indoor wireless communications. This analysis applies to pico and femtocells in conventional wideband systems such as WiFi networks. We derive a new closed-form approximation for the inter-symbol interference (ISI) power in suc...