Assessment of liver fibrosis is important in determining prognosis, disease progression and need for treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Limitations to the use of liver biopsy in assessing fibrosis are well recognized, and noninvasive tests are being increasingly evaluated including transient elastography (TE) and serum markers such as the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test. W...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mediators of chronic tissue damage and fibrosis. Endogenous antioxidants may increase in response to oxidants and reduce tissue injury. We investigated the antioxidant response of the lungs to the chronic release of ROS, as occurs in the immune-specific granulomatous inflammation of chronic beryllium disease (CBD), and compared it with that in healthy controls ...

External magnetic fields (MFs) have the ability to modify motor activity of animals, complex type of behaviour connected with dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmissions in the brain. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine MF-induced changes in the activity of serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptors in the prefrontal cortex, as well as dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors in the striatum of adult...

Natural substrates of human leukocyte elastase (ELF) in the blood are suspected to be fibrinogen and fibrin, although ELF is immediately complexed with a2-macroglobulin (a2M) and other inhibitors. However, the enzymatic activity of a2M ELP complex is not yet clear. This study was undertaken t o clarify the activity of the complex. (1) ELF and a2M were purified respectively, then the a2MOELP com...

The extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation from various laptops and monitors model was investigated using a cell sensor manufactured by Action Electronic, USA that is optimized to measure radiofrequency and extremely low frequency radiation. The ELF measured vary between 0.05 and 2.5 mG for all the laptops/monitors studied however, Hp Pavilion dv6000 laptop was considered to emit highest ELF i...

This study assessed exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields of welders and other metal workers and compared exposure from different welding processes. Exposure to ELF magnetic fields was measured for 50 workers selected from a nationwide cohort of metal workers and 15 nonrandomly selected full-time welders in a shipyard. The measurements were carried out with personal exposure...

The energy generated by an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is too weak to directly induce genotoxicity. However, it is reported that an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) is related to DNA strand breakage and apoptosis. The testes that conduct spermatogenesis through a dynamic cellular process involving meiosis and mitosis seem vulnerable to external stress ...

Abstract Research in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), that is the medium of communication between people who come from different linguacultural backgrounds, has created rich body work various areas. This article focuses on more recent development this research for teachers and teacher educators perspective critical language education (CLE). We explore how ELF research, both linguistic/discours...

[1] ELF/VLF radio waves (300 Hz–30 kHz) are difficult to generate with practical antennae, because of their extraordinarily long (10–1000 km) wavelengths, and the lossy nature of the Earth’s surface at these frequencies. ELF/VLF waves have been successfully generated via amplitude modulated (AM) HF (2–10 MHz) heating of the lower ionosphere. Through the temperature-dependent conductivity of the...

Since the early seventies, potential health risks from Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) exposure (50 Hz) have been extensively treated in the literature (more than 1000 references registered by WHO1, 2007). After 30 years of worldwide research, the major epidemiological output is the possible moderate increased risk (by a factor 2) of childhood leukaemia in case of a long exposure to an ambient ma...