OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of the current strategy for the elimination of leprosy on its incidence and to assess the consequences of failure to sustain this strategy. METHODS Scenarios for assessing the impact of the elimination strategy were implemented in a computer simulation program. The scenarios reflected the assumptions made regarding contagiousness, transmission and bacille C...

Distribution, metabolism, and excretion of monochloroacetic acid (MCA) were examined in adult male rats at a subtoxic (10 mg/kg) and a toxic (75 mg/kg) dose. Rats were injected i.v. with [14C]MCA and housed individually. Urine and feces were collected. Animals were euthanized at different time intervals after dosing and tissues procured. Radioactivity in aliquots showed very rapid distribution ...

We examined the hypothesis that rate of elimination of nicotine affects nicotine intake during cigarette smoking. Elimination rate was altered by administering ammonium chloride or sodium bicarbonate throughout the day. Nicotine intake during unrestricted cigarette smoking was measured using metabolic clearance data obtained after i.v. nicotine infusion together with blood and urinary nicotine ...

BACKGROUND Context-sensitive times to 50%, 80%, and 90% elimination from the brain have been calculated for volatile anaesthetics. This does not represent complete recovery because there are important residual effects even at 90% elimination, and the effect of anaesthetic metabolism on the rate of elimination has not been considered. METHODS A physiologically based model of anaesthetic uptake...

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to examine elimination pathways when delivering subconjunctivally administered hydrophilic agents to the retinas of rat eyes. METHODS The distribution of sodium fluorescein released from an episcleral implant was compared in live and postmortem eyes. Elimination of the subconjunctivally administered hydrophilic agent IgG through blood and lymphatic vessels w...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to propose a new stochastic model to study the time course of ethanol elimination in human bodies. METHODS The times and amount of alcohol ingested are assumed to be random in controllable intervals. Constant elimination rate follows zero order kinetics and is replaced by first order kinetics when the effects of alcohol increase due to alcohol ingestion. S...

1. The voluntary ethanol consumption, ethanol elimination rate and blood acetaldehyde level after intraperiotoneal injection of ethanol were studied in rats receiving diets with highly imbalanced proportions of dietary protein, carbohydrate and fat. 2. The rats, which received the low-protein diet containing 0.05 of the total energy as protein, 0.80 as carbohydrate and o.15 as fat, drank only a...