Every year, an increasing number of women with malignant and nonmalignant diseases is successfully treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Many of these patients suffer from infertility and gonadal failure as a result of these treatments. At present, these patients may resort to assisted-reproduction techniques to protect their future childbearing potential before the implement...

Cochlear implants are devices that allow deaf people to hear. Consequently, implanting them in children seems to be a very beneficent intervention. However, some deaf parents have opposed it in the name of the preservation of their culture. For them, deafness is a rich culture with its own language (signing), and implanting their children will prevent them from being members of their parents' c...

In the United States, organ and tissue procurement has been organized in such a way so as to maximize availability in an efficient fashion that is fair to both donor and recipient. There is a growing cooperation between organ procurement organizations (OPOs) and tissue recovery organizations to facilitate meeting the requirements of both organ and tissue procurement. Successful tissue preservat...

Reproductive biotechnologies continue to be developed for genetic improvement of both river and swamp buffalo. Although artificial insemination using frozen semen emerged some decades back, there are still considerable limitations. The major problem appears to be the lack of efficient methods for estrus detection and timely insemination. Controlled breeding experiments in the buffalo had been l...

1. The formation of the feather pattern has been studied in skin explants obtained from the lumbar region of the spinal pteryla of 6\to 7^-day chick embryos. Explants were cultured in vivo on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) or in vitro, either on semi-solid natural media (containing whole chick embryo extract (J£) or chick brain extract (EC)), or in a liquid synthetic medium (199). 2. Feathe...

Enrichment of culture media with amino acids improves embryo development. However, little is known about the specific action of each amino acid during embryogenesis. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of L-glutamine (Gln) and tryptophan (Trp) on mouse embryo hatching, expansion and viability in vitro. Blastocysts were collected from 6- to 8-week-old female BALB/c mice (N = 3...

The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) method of embryo grading is unique, simple, and widely practiced, and its use has been mandatory for SART membership programs since 2010. Developed by SART in 2006, the current embryo grading system categories, “good, fair, and poor,” are limited because they do not describe the best 1-2 embryos in the interest of keeping pace with the shi...

diethylstilbestrol (des) was widely used in the past, as the morning after contraception, but its application became extremely limited due to several complications including delayed clear cell adenocarcinoma in female infants. however, the use of des increased during the past decade for hormone replacement therapy. the aim of this study was to investigate possible teratogenicity of this synthet...

background: despite of higher pregnancy rate after frozen embryo transfer (fet) which is accepted by the majority of researches, the safety of this method and its effect on neonatal outcome is still under debate. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy and neonatal outcome of fet compare to fresh cycles. materials and methods: in this study,1134 patients using fresh et and 28...