BACKGROUND The objective of the current study was to measure dietary diversity in South Africans aged 16 years and older from all population groups as a proxy of food security. METHODS A cross-sectional study representative of adults from all specified ages, provinces, geographic localities, and socio-economic strata in South Africa was used (n=3287). Trained interviewers visited participants...

A trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccine has been tested in guinea pigs. The parainfluenza 2 virus vaccine component was superior in the magnitude of antibody titers, and in the ability to convert animals serologically after two doses of an undiluted or a 10-fold diluted vaccine. The parainfluenza 1 virus vaccine gave a higher percentage of conversion than parainfluenza 3 virus vaccine after adm...

In 1898 Steinitz noted that the ingestion of raw egg-white by dogs was followed by vomiting and diarrhea. This interesting observation appears to have passed almost unnoticed, although no other native proteins are known to give rise to such digestive disorders. When these same facts were observed by Mendel and Lewis in 1913, their possible bearing on the wide spread use of raw eggs in various d...

Distance education courses have become popular due to the increased number of commuter students as well as people already in the workforce who need further education for advancement within their careers. A graduate-level Web-based course entitled Special Topics-Poultry Food Safety Microbiology was developed from an existing senior undergraduate advanced food microbiology course in the Poultry S...

Worker policing, wherein social insect workers prevent their sisters from reproducing by eating worker-laid eggs, is recognized as a textbook example of kin selection in action. However, the evolutionary basis of policing was recently challenged in a study that suggested that police-workers remove worker-laid eggs not because rearing workers' sons reduces worker fitness, but merely because work...

On Consonants, Vowels, Chickens, and Eggs Luca L. Bonatti, Marcela Peña, Marina Nespor, and Jacques Mehler International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy; Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Labécd (EA 3259), Nantes, France; Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Psicologı́a, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Chile; University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Ita...

IN the routine examination of stools for hookworm eggs the work of the .Rockefeller International Health Board has proved that the centrifuge increases the positive findings by just over ten per cent. This has been proved independently by the workers in Trinidad and in British Guiana their results being, curiously enough, identical within one place of decimals. It is obvious on consideration th...

We describe trends of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from humans in Italy from January 1980 to December 2011. A total of 229,279 Salmonella isolates were reported during this period. and Napoli accounted for 135,783 (59%) of these isolates. Temporal trends from 2000 to 2011 varied by serovar: Enteritidis and Infantis decreased significantly (with a mean of-3.0% and-2. fell consistently b...

A theoretical model of the winter survival dynamics of Meloidagyne spp. was developed by considering the roles of egg hatching and juvenile mortality and the initial populations of eggs and juveniles at the onset of winter. Two distinct patterns of juvenile dynamics appear which depend upon the numerical values of the model parameters. The model predicts whether eggs or juveniles are the major ...

There have been two major phases in the studies of microbial infection of hens' eggs. The first (in the years 1930-1960) sought to identify factors that caused the addling of stored eggs [1]. The second, which began in the mid 1980s, is concerned with infection of eggs with Salmonella enteritidis. This contribution summarizes the major observations made in these studies and describes a techniqu...