1 Swiss Bee Research Center, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland, 2 Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Bee Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, GenPhySE, INRA, INPT, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France, 4 The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, 5 Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty o...

Honey bee colonies are highly dependent upon the availability of floral resources from which they get the nutrients (notably pollen) necessary to their development and survival. However, foraging areas are currently affected by the intensification of agriculture and landscape alteration. Bees are therefore confronted to disparities in time and space of floral resource abundance, type and divers...

Life-threatening or even fatal bee infections can rarely develop after bee stings.

Based on the characteristics about distribution, intelligent, and coordination of Multi-Agent system, In this article, Agent theory and technology is applied to bee products quality control and emergency management system of information interaction and coordination, we constructed the bee products quality control and emergency management system of the frame structure, and put forward bee produc...

Fatalities among avian species due to multiple bee stings are rare. Sixteen pigeons on a farm in Bangladesh each suffered multiple bee stings. Ten of the pigeons died before treatment, 5 (4–11 stings) died within 12 hr after treatment, and 1 pigeon (only 3 stings) survived. Body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, MCV, MCH and MCHC decr...

The reasons for the decline are currently not clear. However, some studies have linked the reduction in bee numbers to a widely-used class of pesticides, neonicotinoids, that have been broadly administered in large-scale crop production since the mid 1990’s – the same time that mass bee disappearances started to be reported 2. These nicotine-like chemicals, which include three key neonicotinoid...

Pollinators are essential to Pacific Northwest agriculture Commercially managed honey bees pol-­ linate a variety of crops in the Pacific North-­ west, including tree fruits, berries, cucurbits, and crops grown for seed. This activity is economically significant. In 2004, the value of bee-­pollinated crops in the region was approxi-­ mately $1.7 billion (Burgett, 2004). Nation-­ ally, the value...

This paper investigates the application of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) method for the optimization of Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) employed for high-rise structures including Soil Structure Interaction (SSI). The model is a 40-story building, and Newmark method is utilized for the structure response to Bam earthquake data. The objective is to decrease both maximum displacement and accelerati...

Investigation of the single plant source bee glue type originating from Southern Australia resulted in the isolation and structure elucidation of major serrulatane diterpenes, novel 7,8,18-trihydroxyserrulat-14-ene (1), along with its oxidized product, 5,18-epoxyserrulat-14-en-7,8-dione (3) and known (18RS)-5,18-epoxyserrulat-14-en-8,18-diol (2). Exploration into the botanical origin revealed M...

Basal energy expenditure (BEE) was determined in 291 pregnant women, age 20-35 years, using Benedict Roth Metabolism Apparatus. A control study was undertaken in 38 non pregnant women during both follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle respectively. The mean +/- SD of BEE were found to be 34.04 +/- 3.05, 35.85 +/- 2.60 and 39.69 +/- 2.75 Kcal/m2/hr during first, second and third trimest...