Open-Ended merupakan suatu bentuk masalah yang diformulasikan dengan lebih dari satu penyelesaian. Pemberian Open-Ended, khususnya pada mata pelajaran matematika di sekolah dipandang perlu dilakukan. Hal ini  dikarenakan masih terdapat siswa belum mampu mengkoneksikan konsep-konsep kehidupan sehari-hari, salah satunya budaya. Etnomatematika dipraktikkan dalam kelompok budaya diidentifikasi seb...

English has a convoluted relationship between its pronunciation and spelling, which obscures phonological structure for early literacy learners. This implications software, particularly open-ended, child-driven designs. A tempting way to bypass this issue is use manipulables (blocks) that are directly tied phonemes. However, creating phoneme-based blocks leads two design challenges: (a) how rep...

Verifying participant comprehension continues to be a difficult ethical and regulatory challenge for clinical research. An increasing number of articles assessing methods to improve comprehension have been published, but they use a wide range of outcome measures including open-ended, closed-ended, and self-perceived measures of comprehension. Systematic comparisons of different measures have ra...

Open-ended evolutionary dynamics remains an elusive goal for artificial evolutionary systems. Many ideas exist in the biological literature beyond the basic Darwinian requirements of variation, differential reproduction and inheritance. I argue that these ideas can be seen as aspects of five fundamental requirements for open-ended evolution: (1) robustly reproductive individuals, (2) a medium a...

This paper presents some technical and ethical issues arising from the use of automated methods to solve a typical social science problem: the coding of surveys including answers to open-ended questions. Coding an open-ended survey, which may include thousands of interviews, means to assign symbolic predefined labels to its answers according to their meaning. The increasing amount of informatio...

The sos formats ensuring that bisimilarity is a congruence often fail in the presence of structural axioms on the algebra of states. Dynamic bisimulation, introduced to characterize the coarsest congruence for ccs which is also a (weak) bisimulation, reconciles the bisimilarity as congruence property with such axioms and with the specification of open ended systems, where states can be reconfig...

Bernat Corominas-Murtra, Lúıs F Seoane and Ricard V. Solé (1) Section for Science of Complex Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (2) Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (3) ICREA-Complex Systems Lab, UPF-PRBB. Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain (4) Institute Evolutionary Biolog...