Abstract A late Pliocene (3.36–3.06 Ma) exposure of the Tangahoe Formation on North Island New Zealand preserves close fossil relatives many extant seabird clades. Here, we report an extinct member little penguin ( Eudyptula Bonaparte, 1856) lineage from Formation—the smallest crown yet known. wilsonae n. sp. is based nearly complete skulls adult and a fledged but immature individual. Both show...

the iodine content of the drinking water and its association with endemic goiter was investigated in the areas of mobarakeh, and najafabad, which are located in the province of isfahan. the school children between 6 and 18 years of age were examined to determine the prevalence of enlargement of the thyroid gland. thirty percent of the total.24.576 children in that age group were clinically exam...

background and purpose: floating on water provides the opportunity for the elderly to exercise and take positions that may not be possible for them on the ground. the aim of this study was to explore the experiences of elderly women regarding barriers to hydrotherapy and how they can be ruled out. methods: this qualitative study was performed using content analysis method in guilan, north of ir...

background and purpose: cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in different parts of iran. the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in zarrin dasht, fars, iran, during 2013-2015. methods: this descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on 266 patients selected through census sampling method. data such as gender, age, occupation, disease s...

Aim Species introductions have reshaped island faunas for the last 200 years, often threatening native biodiversity. Approximately equal numbers of and alien species currently co-occur in New Zealand avifauna, but they show distinct habitat use. Antagonistic interactions, affinities legacies introduction history may concur to explain their segregation along gradients. To investigate these proce...

Climate change is one of the most significant challenges to biodiversity conservation, particularly in dry tropical islands, such as Cabo Verde archipelago where only three endemic tree taxa occur – Dracaena draco subsp. caboverdeana, Phoenix atlantica and Sideroxylon marginatum all classified threatened. The main goal this study was predict possible shifts climatically suitable habitat ranges ...

The Hengduan Mountains are one of the most species-rich mountainous areas in world. origin and evolution such a remarkable biodiversity likely to be associated with geological or climatic dynamics, as well taxon-specific biotic processes (e.g., hybridization, polyploidization, etc.). Here, we investigate mechanisms fostering diversification endemic Himalopsyche martynovi complex, poorly known g...

The genus Phyllactinia is one of the members of Erysiphaceae (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) which parasitize several host plant families. This taxon is well characterized by having acicular appendages with bulbous swelling at the base and penicillate cells which are outgrowth of some ascoma wall cells. A number of challenges exist to distinguish species assigned to this taxon. This is because of a f...

detailed, and the conclusions to be drawn, refer O'dy to cietinism as prevailing among the Chitrali and Gilgiti races. It will be found necessary when applying these results elsewhere, to take into consideration such factors racial differences, habits of life, climatic conditions, etc., which are of importance in determining the prevalence of the disease. (1) For convenience of discussion I pro...