A comprehensive understanding of tooth development, etiology, and pathogenesis of pulp and periradicular tissues supports the underlying principles for endodontic treatment. Innovative therapies apply biological modulators that have been identified during tooth and bone embryogenesis and later became cloned for experimental and clinical application. These modulators are intended to improve trea...

Knowledge of both normal and abnormal anatomy of the root canal system can directly affect the outcome of the endodontic therapy. This paper describes the nonsurgical endodontic management of the rare anatomical configuration middle mesial canal in previously treated mandibular first molar. After coronal access, the gutta-percha was eliminated. In precise examination of groove between two mesia...

To perform successful endodontic therapy, it is important to know the anatomy and morphology of the root canal system. Peculiarities with possible anatomic variations may lead to failure due to insufficient instrumentation and inadequate three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system.[1,2] Accurate radiographic examination using different horizontal angles is crucial for the endodontist ...

paresthesia is a burning or prickling sensation or partial numbness, resulting from neural injury. the symptoms can vary from mild neurosensory dysfunction to total loss of sensation in the innervated area. only a few cases have described apical periodontitis to be the etiological factor of impaired sensation in the area innervated by the inferior alveolar and mental nerves. the aim of the pres...

When root canal therapy is done according to accepted clinical principles and under aseptic conditions, the success rate is generally high. However, it has also been reported that 16% to 64.5% of endodontically treated teeth are associated with periapical radiolucent lesions. There are great variations among clinicians when suggesting treatment of these failed endodontic cases. This article wil...

Anatomical variations in root canal morphology are an enigma and it is this variability, which is often a complicating factor in a successful root canal treatment. To achieve success in endodontic therapy it is imperative that all the canals are located, cleaned and shaped and obturated three dimensionally. Maxillary first premolar having three separate roots has an incidence of 0.5-6%. Even ra...

Eradication of microbes from root canals and impeding of further reinfection is the basic support of endodontic treatment. This is achieved by overall disinfection and shaping of canals which can then be filled using a three-dimensional filling with a fluid-tight seal. To achieve these goals, the clinician must have integral knowledge of regular anatomy and anatomic variants of root canals. One...

vital pulp therapy (vpt) of permanent mature teeth is continuously ascertaining to be a more reliable endodontic treatment. the purpose of this case report was to describe successful vpt of a mature mandibular left first molar with concurrent hyperplastic pulpitis, internal root resorption and periradicular periodontitis in a 35-year-old male patient. after complete caries removal and access ca...

Introduction. The radicular groove is a developmental groove which is usually found on the palatal or lateral aspects of the maxillary incisor teeth. The present case is a maxillary lateral incisor with a small second root and a deep radicular groove. The developmental groove caused a combined periodontal-endodontic lesion. Methods. Case was managed using a combined treatment procedure involvin...

dens invaginatus is a rare developmental anomaly of teeth with complex root canal system morphology. the present case describes a peg shape maxillary lateral incisor with dens invaginatus (oehlers type ii), necrotic pulp, and an associated large periradicular lesion. nonsurgical endodontic treatment was performed with the aim of removing the blind sac with diamond bur under the use of operating...