X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are promising tools for structural determination of macromolecules via coherent x-ray scattering. During ultrashort and ultraintense x-ray pulses with an atomic-scale wavelength, samples are subject to radiation damage and possibly become highly ionized, which may influence the quality of x-ray scattering patterns. We develop a toolkit to treat detailed ionizat...

We present the status and motivation of the Short GAmma Ray Front Air Cherenkov Experiment (SGARFACE) which will be operated parallel to standard Very High Energy γ-ray observations using the Whipple 10m telescope. SGARFACE is sensitive to 100MeV-10GeV γ-ray bursts with durations ranging from 100ns to 100μs providing a fluence sensitivity as low as few 10−9erg · cm−2. Preliminary data taking st...

We present results of a range of experiments of sputtering of water ice together with a guide to the literature. We studied how sputtering depends on the projectile energy and fluence, ice growth temperature, irradiation temperature and external electric fields. We observed luminescence from the decay of H(2p) atoms sputtered by heavy ion impact, but not bulk ice luminescence. Radiolyzed ice do...

Neutrons are a by-product of high-energy x-ray radiation therapy (threshold for [gamma,n] reactions in high-Z material -7 MeV). Neutron production varies depending on photon beam energy as well as on the manufacturer of the accelerator. Neutron production from modern linear accelerators (linacs) has not been extensively compared, particularly in terms of the differences in the strategies that v...

We report on the ablation and fabrication of optical waveguide using allyl-diglycol CR39 polymer. Pulse nanosecond (ns) laser (248 nm KrF) and continuous wave (CW) (244 nm argon-ion) irradiation are performed to observe surface modification on the polymer and potentially utilize it for channel waveguide. The pulsed UV laser creates craters with different depth as fluence increases to quantify t...

This work investigates phase change phenomena due to high power pulsed laser irradiation. During high power laser heating, the intense radiation flux from the laser is transformed to the target material and raises the temperature of the target surface rapidly. When the laser fluence is high enough, melting and superheating of liquid are possible. At even higher laser fluences, the superheated l...

High fluence diode lasers with contact cooling have emerged as the gold standard to remove unwanted hair. However, laser hair removal is associated with pain and side effects, especially when treating dark or tanned skin. A novel diode laser with low level fluence (5-10 J/cm2) with a high repetition rate at 10 Hz (Soprano XL in SHR mode, Alma Lasers, Chicago, IL) using multiple passes in consta...