this qualitative study analyzes the reasons of college students for learning english as a foreign language (efl) in costa rica and the reasons of high school students for learning german as a foreign language (gfl) in the us. it asks to what extent the learners’ reasons align with or deviate from neoliberal discourses that commodify foreign languages. the analysis of 27 interviews in a us high ...

Abstract This chapter focuses on the status of English language, primarily acting as a benchmark for level technological support that other European languages could receive (see Maynard et al. 2022; Ananiadou 2012). While it is rather unlikely any language will ever reach this level, due to continuing development English, and thus serves moving goalpost, nevertheless provides good criterion rel...

speaking is one of the most important skills to be developed and enhanced as means of effective communication. speaking skill is regarded one of the most difficult aspects of language learning. many language learners find it difficult to express themselves in spoken language. they are generally facing problems to use the foreign language to express their thoughts effectively. they stop talking ...