Defining transcriptional regulatory signals represents an essential step toward our understanding of eucaryotic gene expression. Analysis of genes transcribed by polymerase II has revealed a complex and interrelated set of “promoter elements.” Enhancers or activators are among the set of eucaryotic promoter elements that appear to increase transcriptional efficiency in a manner relatively indep...

A major challenge in understanding gene regulation is the unequivocal identification of enhancer elements and uncovering their connections to genes. We present GeneHancer, a novel database of human enhancers and their inferred target genes, in the framework of GeneCards. First, we integrated a total of 434 000 reported enhancers from four different genome-wide databases: the Encyclopedia of DNA...

Using transgenic mice, we have defined novel gene regulatory elements, termed "facilitators." These elements bilaterally flank, by up to 1 kb, a 200-bp T-cell-specific enhancer domain in the human adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene. Facilitators were essential for gene copy-proportional and integration site-independent reporter expression in transgenic thymocytes, but they had no effect on the enha...

Pendahuluan: Sodium diklofenak merupakan obat golongan NSAID non selektif, yang memiliki koefisien partisi sebesar 13,4, sehingga penetrasinya melewati stratum korneum kurang optimal. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu bahan dapat membantu meningkatkan penetrasi ke dalam kulit yaitu enhancer. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan mentol sebagai enhancer dengan kadar 0,5%, 0...

The identification of mutations in the SRY-related SOX9 gene in patients with campomelic dysplasia, a severe skeletal malformation syndrome, and the abundant expression of Sox9 in mouse chondroprogenitor cells and fully differentiated chondrocytes during embryonic development have suggested the hypothesis that SOX9 might play a role in chondrogenesis. Our previous experiments with the gene (Col...

The enhancer of human papillomavirus type 18 consists of two functionally redundant domains, one is partially conserved between HPV18 and HPV16, both mediate strong transcriptional enhancement. In contrast, short fragments of the enhancer mediate low transcriptional enhancement, suggesting that there is functional cooperation between HPV enhancer binding factors. Previously interactions of the ...

Yue, B-G. 2000. Regulation of adenovirus alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Functional characterization of exonic and intronic splicing enhancer elements. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 926. 55pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-4712-0 Pre-mRNA splicing and alternative pre-mRNA splicing are key regulatory steps controlling gene exp...