The combination of emulsified diesel and low temperature combustion (LTC) technology has great potential in reducing engine emissions. A visualization study on the spray and combustion characteristics of water emulsified diesel was conducted experimentally in a constant volume chamber under conventional and LTC conditions. The effects of ambient temperature on the evaporation, ignition and comb...

Underwater ambient noise measurements were carried out in a shallow (15-20 m) brackish water in the archipelago of the Gulf of Finland for period of 1 year. The absence of traffic noise made it possible to study wind driven effects in ambient noise at lower frequencies. The ambient noise comes mostly from local sources and the propagation effects are shown to be negligible. The ambient noise de...

A hybrid quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical potential is used in Monte Carlo simulations to examine the solvent effects on the electronic excitation energy of the n → π(*) transition of acetone in ambient and supercritical water fluid, in which the temperature is in the range of 25-500 °C with pressures of 1-2763 atm. In the present study, the acetone molecule is described by the AM1 H...

Steady-state and dynamic gas exchange responses to ozone visible injury were investigated in an ozone-sensitive poplar clone under field conditions. The results were translated into whole tree water loss and carbon assimilation by comparing trees exposed to ambient ozone and trees treated with the ozone-protectant ethylenediurea (EDU). Steady-state stomatal conductance and photosynthesis linear...

Being ectothermic, fish body temperature generally depends on ambient water temperature. Thus, ambient temperature might affect various sensory systems, including hearing, as a result of metabolic and physiological processes. However, the maintenance of sensory functions in a changing environment may be crucial for an animal's survival. Many fish species rely on hearing for acoustic orientation...

Global environmental changes, including ocean acidification, have been identified as a major threat to scleractinian corals. General predictions are that ocean acidification will be detrimental to reef growth and that 40 to more than 80 per cent of present-day reefs will decline during the next 50 years. Cold-water corals (CWCs) are thought to be strongly affected by changes in ocean acidificat...

Ocean ambient noise results from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Different noise sources are dominant in each of 3 frequency bands: low (10 to 500 Hz), medium (500 Hz to 25 kHz) and high (>25 kHz). The low-frequency band is dominated by anthropogenic sources: primarily, commercial shipping and, secondarily, seismic exploration. Shipping and seismic sources contribute to ambient noise ac...

Much is known about deep ocean ambient noise, rather less about the more highly structured and variable noise in temperate coastal waters, and rather little about the tropical shallow waters that include coral reefs and the biological diversity these ecosystems support. Interest in shallow water acoustics has been growing over the last decade, and more recently specific interest has bloomed in ...