Direct numerical simulation is used to study the effect of entrainment near the inflow nozzle on spatially evolving round jets. Inflow entrainment is obtained by providing a buffer region upstream of the inflow nozzle. Simulations are performed at Reynolds numbers of 300 (laminar) and 2400 (turbulent), respectively. Simulations without the inflow buffer are contrasted to those with the buffer r...

Deposition and re-entrainment of 1.1 microm microspheres were examined in packed glass beads and quartz sand under both favorable and unfavorable conditions for deposition. Experiments were performed at environmentally relevant ionic strengths and flow rates in the absence of solution chemistry and flow perturbations. Numerical simulations of experimental data were performed using kinetic rate ...

The human capacity for music consists of certain core phenomena, including the tendency to entrain, or align movement, to an external auditory pulse [1-3]. This ability, fundamental both for music production and for coordinated dance, has been repeatedly highlighted as uniquely human [4-11]. However, it has recently been hypothesized that entrainment evolved as a by-product of vocal mimicry, ge...

The three cyanobacterial Kai proteins and ATP are capable of generating an autonomous rhythm of KaiC phosphorylation in a test tube. As the period is approximately 24 hours and is stable in a wide temperature range, this rhythm is thought to function as the basic oscillator of the cyanobacterial circadian system. We have examined the rhythm under various temperature cycles and found that it was...

Perceptual phase entrainment improves speech intelligibility by phase-locking the brain's high-excitability and low-excitability phases to relevant or irrelevant events in the speech input. However, it remains unclear whether phase entrainment to speech can be explained by a passive "following" of rhythmic changes in sound amplitude and spectral content or whether entrainment entails an active ...

Photic entrainment of circadian rhythms in mammals is mediated through a direct retinal projection to the core region of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the circadian clock. A proportion of this projection contains the low-affinity p75 neurotrophic receptor (p75NTR). Neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment, which dramatically reduces p75NTR immunoreactivity in the SCN has no impact on ...

Quantum van der Pol oscillators are driven-dissipative systems displaying quantum synchronization phenomena. When forced by a squeezed drive, the frequency adjusts to half of forcing multiple preferred phases. Here we analyze physical origin this entrained response, establishing connection with metastability in open systems. We report dynamical regime characterized huge separation time scales, ...

Humans are an excellent model system for studying entrainment of the circadian clock in the real world. Unlike the situation in laboratory experiments, entrainment under natural conditions is achieved by different external signals as well as by internal signals generated by multiple feedbacks within the system (e.g., behavior-dependent light and temperature changes, melatonin levels, or regular...