A technique for the efficient entrapment of high concentrations of Ca2+ in large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (LUVs), using the carboxylic acid antibiotic ionophore A23187 (calcimycin) is demonstrated. It is shown that rapid A23187-mediated entrapment of Ca2+, corresponding to essentially 100% sequestration of the extravesicular cation may be achieved for egg yolk phosphatidylcholine LUVs ...

The construct of entrapment is used in evolutionary theory to explain the etiology of depression. The perception of entrapment can emerge when defeated individuals want to escape but are incapable. Studies have shown relationships of entrapment to depression, and suicidal tendencies. The aim of this study was a psychometric evaluation and validation of the Entrapment Scale in German (ES-D). 540...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether "diseased nerves" are more prone to entrapment neuropathy than normal nerves. Nerve conduction studies of human neuropathies have shown that electrophysiological abnormalities are often most prominent at potential sites of nerve entrapment, and entrapments are more common in patients with radiculopathies--a concept designated as "double crush". As entrapment neu...

The objective of the study was to formulate a modified proniosomal gel (HMPG) of hydroxyzine hydrochloride. HMPG formulations were prepared by coacervation phase separation technique with different combination of non-ionic surfactants (Tweens and Spans) with phospholipids such as phospholipon 80H and 90H. Taguchi design of experiments was used to optimize the various formulation variables. The ...

This study was to prepare a mannosylated lycorine lipid nano-emulsion formulation (M-LYC-OA-LNEs) for the aim of achieving tumor targeting delivery of lycorine (LYC) . The low lipophilicity of LYC made it hard to be dispersed into lipid nano-emulsions (LNEs). In order to increase its lipophilicity, lycorine-oleic acid ionic complex (LYC-OA) was made. M-LYC-OA-LNEs and uncoated lycorine-oleic ac...

This study was to develop a novel method of nanoparticle-based MR colonography. Two types of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were synthesized with loading of (a) gadolinium (Gd) diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid to construct Gd-SLNs as an MR T1 contrast agent and (b) otcadecylamine-fluorescein-isothiocyanate to construct Gd-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-SLNs for histologic confirmation o...

The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, used for the treatment of HIV infections, are reported to have low bioavailability pertaining to high first-pass metabolism, high protein binding, and enzymatic metabolism. They also show low permeability across blood brain barrier. The CNS is reported to be the most important HIV reservoir site. In the present study, solid lipid nanoparticles...

Transdermal patches loaded with Solid Lipid Nanoparticles has been used as a suitable dosage to maintain the blood glucose level in diabetic patients. Repaglinide was taken as model antidiabetic drug get incorporated in Solid lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) by a hot homogenization method using cephalin and lecithin as lipids and Tween 80 as stabilizer. The prepared nanoparticles evaluated for partic...

The goal of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate chitosan nanoparticles of temoxifen citrate for cancer therapy. Nanoparticles of TMX were prepared using chitosan using ionic gelation method. The concentration of the polymers Chitosan were selected based on the results on preliminary screening. The nanoparticles prepared were evaluated for morphology, loading efficiency, invi...

Risperidone (RISP) is an antipsychotic agent and has low water solubility and nontargeted delivery results in numerous side effects. Hence, an attempt was made to develop SLNs hydrogel for intranasal delivery of RISP to achieve maximum bioavailability and reduction of side effects. RISP loaded SLNs composed of 1.65% (w/v) lipid mass were produced by high shear homogenization (HSH) coupled ultra...