Abstarct: Flow through pipes and heating situations find wide applications in industry. Depending on the fluid properties, temperature field in the pipe changes. This in turn results in thermodynamic irreversibility in the flow system. Thermodynamic irreversibility can be quantified through amount of entropy generation in the thermal system. Consequently, in the present study, the influence of ...

Many physical processes, including the intensity fluctuations of a chaotic laser, the detection of single photons, and the Brownian motion of a microscopic particle in a fluid are unpredictable, at least on long timescales. This unpredictability can be due to a variety of physical mechanisms, but it is quantified by an entropy rate. This rate, which describes how quickly a system produces new a...

An all-digital full-entropy True Random Number Generator (TRNG) with measured 1.3GHz operation and total power consumption of 1.5mW at 0.75V, 25oC is fabricated in 14nm FinFET CMOS. Three independent selfcalibrating entropy sources, coupled with pre-extraction correlation suppressors and a real-time BIW extractor enable ultra-low energy consumption of 3pJ/bit, while generating cryptographic-qua...

Security in random number generation for cryptography is closely related to the entropy rate at the generator output. This rate has to be evaluated using an appropriate stochastic model. The stochastic model proposed in this paper is dedicated to the transition effect ring oscillator (TERO) based true random number generator (TRNG) proposed by Varchola and Drutarovsky in 2010. The advantage and...

Introduction and Aims: Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and a type of dementia. 80% of dementia in older adults is because of Alzheimer’s disease. According to multiple research articles, Alzheimer's has several changes in EEG signals such as slowing of rhythms, reduction in complexity and reduction in functional associations, and disordered functional commun...

A random number generator generates fair coin flips by processing deterministically an arbitrary source of nonideal randomness. An optimal random number generator generates asymptotically fair coin flips from a stationary ergodic source at a rate of bits per source symbol equal to the entropy rate of the source. Since optimal noiseless data compression codes produce incompressible outputs, it i...

Text coherence evaluation becomes a vital and lovely task in Natural Language Processing subfields, such as text summarization, question answering, text generation and machine translation. Existing methods like entity-based and graph-based models are engaging with nouns and noun phrases change role in sequential sentences within short part of a text. They even have limitations in global coheren...

The inherent irreversibility in a variable viscosity hydromagnetic generalized Couette flow with suction/injection at the walls has been investigated theoretically. Using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration scheme together with shooting technique, the model equations for momentum and energy balance are tackled numerically. The velocity and the temperature profiles are obtained and a...