BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence of the role that exposure to industrial chemicals plays in the development of childhood disease. The USA and the European Union (EU) have taken divergent policy approaches to managing this issue, and economic estimates of disease costs attributable to environmental exposures in children are available in the USA but not the EU. We undertook the first econo...

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a condition in which persons experience negative health effects in multiple organ systems from exposure to low levels of common chemicals. Although symptoms experienced from particular chemicals vary across persons, they are generally stable within persons. The sensitivities often spread over time, first to related chemicals and then to other classes of ch...

Because of the uncertainties and irreversibilities that are often inherent in environmental degradation, its prevention, and its economic consequences, environmental policy design can involve important problems of timing. I use a simple two-period model to illustrate these optimal timing problems and their implications for environmental policy. I then lay out and solve a continuous-time model o...

Tourism is regarded to be the world's largest industry, with about 8% of the worldwide export value of goods and services coming from tourism. Receipts from international tourism are in the order of US$ 475 billion (2000 values). These benefits resulting from international travel can be weighted against the environmental costs of tourism, including the loss of biodiversity, ecosystems, land, an...

Based on outcomes of existing researches, This paper discussed capital mobility in condition of monopolistic competition and transaction costs which be decided by cost of environmental regulation, also analyzed new economic geography model of industrial transfer. After derivation and analysis of model, we find that in short term, industrial transfer of different regions is related to transactio...

Article history: Received 9 September 2005 Accepted 27 July 2007 Available online 27 September 2007 Key features of U.S. agri-environmental programs are reviewed and analyzed using literature review and program data. We focus, in particular, on several key questions: Has benefit–cost targeting increased the environmental benefit obtained from program budgets? Has competitive bidding reduced pro...

pricing for an insurance policy can be described as the process of calculation of expectedcompensation to be paid to property losers as well as associated costs of potential risks. loss forecast isaccurate if the risks will be identified appropriately in order to calculate the frequency and expected severityof losses.this is particularly important about environmental risks since most of them ap...

As the developing world industrializes, it is likely to experience an epidemiologic transition not unlike what has occurred in the United States and other countries in the developed world, with increasing prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions such as asthma and neurodevelopmental disorders. Environmental prevention has been proven to reduce childhood morbidity, yet interventions to aba...

this study presents a detailed analysis of cost management for intensive cultivation activity in terms of tomato production. the main objective was to provide qualitative and quantitative costs obtained in the intensive cultivation of tomato. this methodology was structured by activity costs (soil preparation and planting, crop monitoring, harvesting, selling, etc.) through a study in greenhous...

Because of the uncertainties and irreversibilities that are often inherent in environmental degradation, its prevention, and its economic consequences, environmental policy design can involve important problems of timing. I use a simple two-period model to illustrate these optimal timing problems and their implications for environmental policy. I then lay out and solve a continuous-time model o...