SPORL (Sulfite Pretreatment to Overcome Recalcitrance of Lignocellulose) has been demonstrated as an effective and robust pretreatment technology for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, in particular woody biomass. The process consists of a short chemical treatment of feedstock with sulfite followed by mechanical size reduction (fiberization) with disk mill. Studies indicated that ...

We present a structurally dynamic model for nucleotide- and actin-induced closure of the actin-binding cleft of myosin, based on site-directed spin labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in Dictyostelium myosin II. The actin-binding cleft is a solvent-filled cavity that extends to the nucleotide-binding pocket and has been predicted to close upon strong actin binding. Single-cystein...

the effect of enzymatic treatment time of microbial transglutaminase (mtgase) on the characteristics of whey protein isolate (wpi) films was investigated. results shown that the properties of mtgase-treated films were affected by increasing the enzymatic treatment time. enzymatic treatment at lower incubation time, i.e. for 1 h, significantly resulted in higher values of tensile strength (ts) a...

objective(s):hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications like nephropathy. in the present study, we evaluated the effect of ethanolic extract of ensete superbum seeds (esse) on renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. materials and methods:glucose, hba1c, total protein, albumin, renal function mark...

enzymatic deinking of xerox printed papers by commercial cellulase from aspergillus niger fungi was investigated. enzymatic treatment was done under constant condition of 0.1 percent enzyme based on oven-dried weight of pulp (102 unit per 100 gram oven-dried pulp), 15 min. treatment time, in four ph levels as 4, 5.7, 8 and 9. then, the effect of ph variation on the appearance and strength prope...

the elm leaf beetle xanthogaleruca luteola müller (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), is a serious pest of elm (ulmus spp.) throughout iran. in the present study, lethal and sublethal effects of neem, achook® containing 0.03% azadirachtin, were assessed on mortality, growth, larval weight and feeding deterrence as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of third instar larvae of the elm leaf be...

There are three distinct members of the myosin V family in vertebrates, and each isoform is involved in different membrane trafficking pathways. Both myosin Va and Vb have demonstrated that they are high duty ratio motors that are consistent with the processive nature of these motors. Here we report that the ATPase cycle mechanism of the single-headed construct of myosin Vc is quite different f...

An experimental formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis was used in the laboratory to assess the influence of water temperature and pH on the relationship between concentration, duration of exposure, and mortality of the northern black fly species Simulium decorum and Prosimulium mixtum/fuscum group. Mortality increases in both species with increases in duration of exposure, conc...

mixed office waste papers are considered as a large source of high quality papers that were printed with non impact printing methods. this papers have involved and economical problem in deinking with conventional chemical methods. in this research enzymatic deinking was done as an alternative for conventional chemical method. enzymatic deinking of xerox machine printed papers with cellulase fro...

introduction: tobacco smoke is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases in different body systems. saliva is the first body fluid that confront inhaled cigarette smoke which is injurious to the oral cavity and is associated with several oral diseases and cancer. the aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of smoking on the activity of alpha-amylase in the saliva of healthy smoker...