Urban water distribution networks are crucial infrastructures for providing essential services to society, but their exorbitant costs and limited resources make optimization a critical research area. Optimal management design of these can help reduce enhance efficiency while meeting technical, economic, quality standards. In particular, the network pressure is reducing leakage in systems. Thus,...

2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA) formation is often reported as a cause of taste and odor (T&O) problems in water distribution systems (WDSs). The biosynthesis via microbial O-methylation 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) the dominant pathway pipes. This paper attempted to utilize data on process formulate deterministic kinetic models for explaining 2,4,6-TCA dynamics WDSs. pipe material’...

Environmental and health organizations believe that water entering the distribution network should always have a certain amount of free chlorine remaining (at least 0.6 mg/L according to standard 1053).

According to international and domestic standards, the concentration of free chlorine remaining in each node must be between certain values. In this way, health water is guaranteed.

BACKGROUND Prior studies of prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) have shown mixed results regarding its effect on birth weight and gestational age. OBJECTIVES In this retrospective cohort study we examined whether PCE contamination of public drinking-water supplies in Massachusetts influenced the birth weight and gestational duration of children whose mothers were exposed before the...

BACKGROUND Prior animal and human studies of prenatal exposure to solvents including tetrachloroethylene (PCE) have shown increases in the risk of certain congenital anomalies among exposed offspring. OBJECTIVES This retrospective cohort study examined whether PCE contamination of public drinking water supplies in Massachusetts influenced the occurrence of congenital anomalies among children ...