An epistemological case is made for how single subject psychotherapy research provides unique and untapped opportunities for generating and generalizing scientific knowledge about psychotherapy. The epistemological claim asserts that it is essential that problem and method be aligned in psychotherapy research. Examples of misalignment in experimental and correlational contexts are given and the...

This article takes up the issue of the plausibility of epistemological theories of consciousness: accounts of the so-called " hard problem " of phenomenal consciousness (Chalmers 1996) that are rooted in physicalistic explanations of what we know and how we know it. Such accounts elaborate how physical systems come to (perceptually) know their physical environments and show how perceivers may c...

Students attending University come as a unique package complete with a variety of learning styles and experiences. Prior knowledge, understanding and personal epistemological beliefs play critical roles in how students understand and philosophise concepts surrounding information proffered by educators. The purpose of this study is to construct an epistemological beliefs survey instrument by ext...

uman clinical research trials, by which corporations, universities, and research scientists bring new drugs, devices, H and procedures into the practice and marketplace of medicine, have become a huge business. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) doubled its spending over the past five years,’ while in the private sector the top twenty pharmaceutical companies have more than doubled their i...

These issues are real. Robots with lethal capabilities are being deployed in several operational theaters. And mistakes are being made. Partly they are due to “fog of war” and the difficulty for remote operators to have a good operational awareness of the situation on the ground. But, as anecdotal evidence in for example Singer (2009) points out, another reason is unclarity in command, control ...

This article presents a modern epistemological validation of the process of agent oriented software development. Agent orientation has been widely presented in recent years as a novel modeling, design and programming paradigm for building systems using features such as openness, dynamics, sociality and intentionality. These will be put into perspective through a Lakatosian epistemological appro...