This paper investigates the possible use of space probes to explore the Milky Way, as a means both of finding life elsewhere in the Galaxy and as finding an answer to the Fermi paradox. I simulate exploration of the Galaxy by first examining how long time it takes a given number of space probes to explore 40,000 stars in a box from 300 to 300 pc above the Galactic thin disk, as a function of Ga...

The preface paradox is the apparent pragmatic inconsistency that occurs when the author of a book declares in its preface that despite believing that it is highly probable that everything the book maintains is true it is also highly probable that the book contains at least some errors. The preface paradox has often been presented as an example of a logically inconsistent belief that it is never...

In this paper it is shown that the real cause of Jackson’s paradox is the use of three-dimensional (3D) quantities, e.g., E, B, F, L, T, their transformations and equations with them. The principle of relativity is naturally satisfied and there is no paradox when the physical reality is attributed to the 4D geometric quantities, e.g., to the 4D torqueN (bivector) or, equivalently, to the 4D tor...

Basu and Van (1998) present a fundamental framework of child labor with two important axioms: the luxury axiom and the substitution axiom. A number of empirical studies, however, reveal a “wealth paradox”. The current paper has two aims. First, it develops a model that provides an explanation for “the wealth paradox” in light of the luxury axiom and the substitution axiom. Second, it helps unde...

We review both the Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen (EPR) paper about the completeness of quantum theory, and Schrödinger's responses to the EPR paper. We find that both the EPR paper and Schrödinger's responses, including the cat paradox, are not consistent with the current understanding of quantum theory and thermodynamics. Because both the EPR paper and Schrödinger's responses play a leading role i...

In early 1974, I was visiting the Watson Research Center and I got the idea of calling GSdel on the phone. I picked up the phone and called and GSdel answered the phone. I said, "Professor GSdel, I 'm fascinated by your incompleteness theorem. I have a new proof based on the Berry paradox that I 'd like to tell you about." GSdel said, "It doesn't mat ter which paradox you use." He had used a pa...

In this Letter, we derive an entropic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering inequality for continuous-variable systems using only experimentally measured discrete probability distributions and details of the measurement apparatus. We use this inequality to witness EPR steering between the positions and momenta of photon pairs generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We examine the ...

The Allais Paradox, or common consequence effect, has been a standard challenge to normative theories of risky choice since its proposal over 60 years ago. However, neither its causes nor the conditions necessary to create the effect are well understood. Two experiments test the effects of losses and event splitting on the Allais Paradox. Experiment 1 found that the Allais Paradox occurs for bo...

Consideration of the metalinguistic effects of utterances involving vague terms has led Barker [1] to treat vagueness using a modified Stalnakerian model of assertion. I present a sorites-like puzzle for factual beliefs in the standard Stalnakerian model [28] and show that it can be resolved by enriching the model to make use of probabilistic belief spaces. An analogous problem arises for metal...