In this paper, trajectory prediction and control design for a desired hit point of a projectile is studied. Projectiles are subject to environment noise such as wind effect and measurement noise. In addition, mathematical models of projectiles contain a large number of important states that should be taken into account for having a realistic prediction. Furthermore, dynamics of projectiles cont...

We have measured yields of electrons emitted in the forward and backward directions from ultrathin carbon foils due to 10–100 keV atomic and molecular projectiles. In general, electron yields are higher in the forward than in the backward direction. Their behavior with projectile type and energy can be explained by a competition of a forward peaked angular distribution of initial ionization eve...

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a worldwide prevalent condition that exhibits a large variety of signs and symptoms of esophageal or extra-esophageal nature and can be related to the esophagic adenocarcinoma. In the last few years, greater importance has been given to the influence of physical exercises on it. Some recent investigations, though showing conflicting results, point t...

TO THE EDITOR: I appreciate the interest and comments on our paper, which was published in October 2013 issue of this journal. As you have commented, non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is known as heterogeneous group from pathophysiological aspect. In our paper, NERD is defined as patients with typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) such as heartburn or acid regurgitation wit...

The extrinsic sources for erosion-causing acids are primarily acidic beverages and foodstuffs. Effervescent tablets also contain organic acids (e.g. citric, tartaric, malic) in order to form carbon dioxide by contact with water – with the help of the carbonate salts of the tablets. To adequately inform patients about the possible erosive potential of effervescent tablets, this study was underta...

This paper reviews our recent work on computer simulations of Ga and C60 bombardment of thin organic overlayers deposited on metal substrate. A multilayer of benzene, a monolayer of PS4 on Ag{1 1 1} and a self-assembled monolayer of octanethiol molecules on Au{1 1 1} were irradiated with 15 keV monoatomic (Ga) and polyatomic (C60) projectiles that are recognized as valuable sources for desorpti...

To understand and model damage generated during impact by a penetrator of ultra-high strength concrete targets, edge-on impact tests are performed with the so-called Ductal concrete, which is unreinforced or reinforced with short fibers. Two edge–on impact configurations are designed with a dynamic confinement system. The first configuration uses aluminum projectiles and allows us to study the ...