BACKGROUND The agreement on agriculture and the World Trade Organization were major outcomes of the 1986-1994 Uruguay Round (UR) negotiations within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The measures under the UR were predicted to increase poverty in developing countries, a serious cause for concern since poverty alleviation is a major goal of developing countries. Thus this paper ...

CONTEXT • Helping adolescents protect their health is an important public health priority. Beyond benefiting young people themselves , increased investment in adolescent sexual and reproductive health contributes to broader development goals, especially improvements in the overall status of women and, eventually, reductions in poverty among families. • In every developing country, early marriag...

This paper presents the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), a measure of acute poverty, understood as a person’s inability to meet simultaneously minimum international standards in indicators related to the Millennium Development Goals and to core functionings. It constitutes the first implementation of the direct method to measure poverty for over 100 developing countries. After presenting t...

Pakistan was one of the few developing countries that had achieved an average growth rate of over 5 percent over a four decade period ending 1990. Consequently, the incidence of poverty had declined from 40 percent to 18 percent by the end of 1980s. But the 1990s proved to be a lost decade for Pakistan, Growth in per capita income dropped to slightly over 1 percent. Poverty resurfaced and about...

in almost all countries around the world (developed as well as developing countries) the public sector economics has been growing very rapidly and caused the share of government expenditures in gdp to rise over time. although in recent years, especially from the end of 1980, for different reasons especially privatization the trend of public sector growth has been slowed, but the factors behindt...

Water supply and sanitation (WSS) are critical factors in dayto-day problems faced by the poor in developing countries. The extent and significance of water-related poverty was recognised at the International Freshwater Conference held in Bonn in December 2001, which reiterated the importance of achieving safe, affordable and sustainable water and sanitation access for poor populations, as a ce...