This paper investigates the underlying factors that caused Qing Dynasty of China to survive Taiping Rebellion yet crumbled upon Revolution 1911. It first examines ideological differences between two attempts regime change, followed by an exploration into extent foreign interference in determining outcomes events. Subsequently, author analyzes conflict constitutionalists and absolute monarchists...

following the death of nader shah afshar, the province of kurdistan, with sanandaj being the capital, ruled by the local influential dynasty of ardalan, underwent a severe power struggle triggered by pretenders to the government of iran, just as many other provinces experienced a similar power struggle. in addition, the strategic location of kurdistan as the closest neighboring province of otto...

one of the chapters in the history of iranian music is the place and significance of the musical instrument called oud. this instrument, initially named “barbat”, emerged during the sassanid dynasty. generally known under the name “oud” in islamic era, it became grepopular in islamic countries. in iran, this instrument enjoyed great importance until the fall of the safavid dynasty. from the ear...

Wu et al (Reports, 5 August 2016, p. 579) reported geological and archaeological evidence about an earthquake-induced landslide dam outburst flood around 1920 BCE and claimed a support to the historicity of China's legendary Great Flood and Xia dynasty. We argue that the physical evidence is unreliable and their arguments are unconvincing.

The agrarian-related poems of the Northern Song Dynasty are far from realistic creation tradition Book Songs, Yuefu folk songs Han Dynasty, “those who hungry sing about their food, those working work”, and spirit Du Fu’s “Three officials” “three different” Bai Juyi’s New Movement, “Only live people’s disease”. Through multiple contrast techniques, they fully show miserable fate peasants under h...

abstract the qajar dynasty was a time of civil wars as well as the wars against russia, meanwhile, qajarid shahs, understanding the power of sublime art both in internal and external political relations, tried to expand and renew the style of the mural decorations which is the issue of this article. increasing the relations with european countries like england and france, fath ali shah and his ...

Abstract The study aims to analyse the architectural typology and determine period of construction for preserved traditional mosques Quzzat Quarter in Old City Herat (known as Pearl Khorasan). Twenty-nine are located area, three which modern 26 traditional. Twelve out still exist have their landscape. Using analogy water cisterns mosques, we when each mosque was developed establish development ...