abstract recent global warming has led to a change in the global hydrological cycle and an increase in extreme events such as flood and drought at the global and continental scales. however, at the regional scale, the magnitude of warming and the resulting changes in water resources are different from one region to another. unlike air temperature whose increase is evident throughout the world, ...

extended abstractthunderstorm rainfall is one of the most important climatic phenomena in the northwest of iran that has specific variability in spatial distribution. these rains have an important role in case study area climates. the purpose of this study is investigation of spatial distribution of thunderstorm rainfall of mountainous areas of the northwest of iran to modeling thunderstorm in ...

Biominerals, especially molluscan shells, generally contain unusually acidic proteins. These proteins are believed to function in crystal nucleation and inhibition. We previously identified an unusually acidic protein Aspein from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. Here we show that Aspein can control the CaCO(3) polymorph (calcite/aragonite) in vitro. While aragonite is preferentially formed in ...

Acid deposition is one of the most important environmental issues in East Asia including Japan. The long range transport of acidic species from Asian continent to Japan islands cause large amount of acid deposition especially in winter. These phenomena are strongly affected by the precipitation on the sea, however, it is not easy to get enough information on it. This study aims to develop a sim...

Precipitation-hardened (PH) stainless steels have been widely used as structural materials and related applications in marine environments, power plants (light-water and pressurized water reactors), and chemical industries because of their good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at typical service temperatures below 300oC. 17-4 PH (A1S1630) stainless steel (15–17.5 Cr, 3–5 Ni, 3–5 C...

[1] High-resolution (0.1 0.1 ) geostationary satellite infrared radiances at 11 mm in combination with gridded (2.5 2.0 ) hourly surface precipitation observations are employed to document the spatial structure of the diurnal cycle of summertime deep convection and associated precipitation over North America. Comparison of the diurnal cycle pattern between the satellite retrieval and surface ob...

This paper presents the combination of different precipitation data sets and the distributed hydrological model, in order to examine the flood runoff reproductivity of scattered observation catchments. The precipitation data sets were obtained from observation using rain-gages, satellite based estimate (TRMM), and numerical weather prediction model (NWP), then were coupled with the super tank m...

[1] Cloudsat cloud radar data are used to investigate the vertical structure of cloud systems of the ITCZ across the West and East Pacific and its contribution to precipitation. Cloud radar data are collocated with precipitation rates from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) to examine differences in cloud top PDFs for different rain rate regimes. Heavily precipitating clouds have...

This study investigates changes in the types of storm events occurring in the Fertile Crescent as a result of global warming. Regional climate model [fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5)–Noah] simulations are run for the first and last five years of the twenty-first century following the Special Report on Emissions Scenari...

We present an analysis of precipitation in an area of Sardinia (Italy) at high hydrogeological risk. Sardinia is an island located in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Precipitation is here a highly irregular phenomenon due to the variability of extra-tropical cyclones. The latitudinal development of the island (~200 Km) gives a climatic North-South gradient. However, the presence of high and stee...