The gram-positive endospore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis has, under aerobic conditions, a branched respiratory system comprising one quinol oxidase branch and one cytochrome oxidase branch. The system terminates in one of four alternative terminal oxidases. Cytochrome caa(3) is a cytochrome c oxidase, whereas cytochrome bd and cytochrome aa(3) are quinol oxidases. A fourth terminal oxida...

A bioassay-guided fractionation of methanol extract of Aristolochia bracteolata whole plant was carried out in order to evaluate its antimicrobial activity and to identify the active compounds in this extract. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol extract against gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungal strains were investigated by the agar disk diffusion method. Among the strains...

The purpose of this experiment was to determine and compare the digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in full-oil (no oil extracted) and de-oiled (oil extracted) corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with different condensed distillers solubles (CDS) ratios. Six barrows (29.6±2.3 kg) fitted with ileal T-cannula were allotted into a 6×6 Latin square design. Each pe...

Prolonged inactivity associated with bed rest in a clinical setting or spaceflight is frequently associated with hypercortisolemia and inadequate caloric intake. Here, we determined the effect of 28 days of bed rest (BR); bed rest plus hypercortisolemia (BRHC); and bed rest plus essential amino acid (AA) and carbohydrate (CHO) supplement (BRAA) on the size and function of single slow- and fast-...

To evaluate the effects of amount and profile amino acid (AA) on milk protein yield (MPY), mammary metabolism, efficiency nitrogen use (ENU), ten cows were used in 5 × replicated Latin squares fed a positive control (16.1% crude protein-CP) or two lower CP diets (14.6 13.2%) with without essential AA (EAA) infusion. The EAA solutions provided predicted limiting each treatment continuously infus...

Amino acids (AA) and carbohydrates (CHO) are important components of the marine organic carbon cycle. Produced mainly by phytoplankton as part particulate (POC) fraction, these compounds can be released into outer medium where they become dissolved (DOC) pool rapidly taken up heterotrophs (e.g., bacteria). We investigated quantity quality POC DOC, AA CHO composition in both pools three differen...

We have investigated the effect of chronic competitive inhibition of SNAT2 (System A) amino acid (AA) transport, induced by incubation with a saturating dose of a non-metabolisable System A amino acid analogue (Me-AIB), on growth and proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in complete culture medium. These cells express Na+- and pH-dependent SNAT2 AA transport and a saturating concentr...

INTRODUCTION Many animal and human subjects can learn to avoid punishment or noxious stimuli by exploiting the sensory cues predicting them. In cue-signaled active avoidance (AA) learning, subjects first learn about the predictive properties of cues and subsequently learn a behavioral strategy of an avoidance response (e.g., crossing a hurdle that divides a two-compartment cage in order to avoi...

Cotten, Bradley M. M.S., Purdue University, May 2015. Investigating the amino acid digestibility of alternative protein sources and determining the impact of dietary fiber on energy, nitrogen, and amino acid digestibility in growing pigs. Major Professor: Olayiwola Adeola. Three experiments were designed to quantify the nitrogen (N) and amino acid (AA) digestibility of various protein sources f...

It is 25 years since the Society held a meeting on this same topic (12 October 1957). The enormous efforts that have gone into protein evaluation in the intervening quarter century suggest a need to reiterate and emphasize points made at that meeting (Bender, 1958) namely, that all measures of protein quality are a function of the limiting amino acid (AA), that the tests do not yield any inform...