We undertook a dietary survey of 167 Australian Olympic team athletes (80 females and 87 males) competing in endurance sports (n = 41), team sports (n = 31), sprint- or skill-based sports (n = 67), and sports in which athletes are weight-conscious (n = 28). Analysis of their 7-day food diaries provided mean energy intakes, nutrient intakes, and eating patterns. Higher energy intakes relative to...

Abstract Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic (PFOS) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that prohibited from being produced used. However, they remain in the agricultural environment transferred to crops. In addition, PFOA is classified as possibly carcinogenic humans. To fully understand exposure risk of PFOS for human crops, a residue survey estimation dietary asses...

The usual method for establishing allowable daily intake (ADI) for a chemical involves determining a no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and applying a safety factor. Even though this method has been used for many years, there appear to be no general guidelines or rules for defining a NOEL. The determination of a NOEL is particularly uncertain for lesions which occur naturally in untreated animals....

The increased skin cancer risk among the female participants of the SU.VI.MAX (Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxidants) trial (1) indeed suggests, as the authors point out, that ‘‘.dietary supplementation with vitamins and trace element antioxidants may not always provide beneficial effects.’’ However, a question that lies at the heart of the above trial is whether zinc (Zn) can b...

Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects on growth and development because of inadequate thyroid hormone production. Four methods are generally recommended for assessment of iodine nutrition: urinary iodine concentration, thyroid size, and blood concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroglobulin. Iodine intakes < or = 1 mg/d are well tolerated by most adults, because the thyr...

BACKGROUND/AIMS There are only few data on dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake in infants from developing countries, and current global recommendations on intake during early life may not reflect the needs of the world's most vulnerable infants. The aim of the study was to provide estimates of intake of ARA and DHA in infants and young children aged 6-36 months ...

Lead (Pb) contamination of foods and especially of frequently consumed vegetables is a growing public health concern worldwide. Although levels of exposure in developed countries have declined over the past decades, the same cannot be said of developing countries. Health risk assessment has increasingly been employed to determine the potential hazard of heavy metal exposure to humans. In this s...

BACKGROUND The American Heart Association (AHA), Institute of Medicine (IOM), and US Departments of Health and Human Services and Agriculture (USDA) Dietary Guidelines for Americans all recommend that Americans limit sodium intake and choose foods that contain potassium to decrease the risk of hypertension and other adverse health outcomes. OBJECTIVE We estimated the distributions of usual da...

OBJECTIVE The study on sub clinical rickets is unique in the sense that it has not been preplanned conducted anywhere especially in Pakistan. The objective of present study was to explore the prevalence, gender and geographical distribution of sub clinical rickets and their related factors among school students. METHODS Out of total participants, 189(90%) students were finally included in the...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the dietary intake of participants in the Polish-Norwegian Study (PONS). METHODS The presented study comprised 3,862 inhabitants of Świętokrzyskie Province aged 45-64 (2,572 females and 1,290 males). Daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat and fatty acid were estimated using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS Energy inta...