In Reply: The comments of Dr Wiwanitkit are well taken. In our article (1), our main concern was to emphasize the big difference between plagiarism of ideas and plagiarism of text, especially in scientific writing, where we believe text is just a transfer medium for ideas, which are the essence of scientific work (2-5). Paraphrasing of a scientific text is not always easy, if possible at all (6...

The compounding of “sterile” products has made headlines in the news in the United States over the last several years, due the lack of sterile conditions in a compounding pharmacy causing an outbreak of fungal meningitis [1]. Although USP Chapter <797> was released in 2008 and outlines in detail procedures needed to keep pharmacies sterile, these lapses in sterility still occurred [2]. However,...

Recent FDA compounding guidances raise hackles.

1.1 Background Since Steven Abney's 1987 MIT dissertation, The English Noun Phrase in Its Sentential Aspect, the socalled DP Hypothesis has gained acceptance in the eld of Government and Binding (GB) syntax. This hypothesis proposes that a nominal expression is headed by a determiner that takes a noun phrase as its complement. The preexisting NP Hypothesis, on the other hand, diagrams nominal e...

Since Bolinger’s [1] discovery that pitch cues accentual prominence in English, a tension has arisen between two strategies: equating accent with pitch excursions and relying on perception for identifying accented words. This paper investigates the relation between prominence judgments from untrained listeners and accentual labels produced by trained transcribers. Naïve speakers of English, Spa...

We performed a cognitive experiment in order to obtain evidence that prosody is used for the segmentation of continuous speech for understanding in real time. We assume that the cognitive unit in Japanese speech is the accentual phrase (AP) which is represented by low and high pitch patterns according to the Japanese accent rule. Meaningless speech which consisted of two APs was used as the exp...

A unified treatment is presented here of compounding with the bivariate Poisson distribution. Exploiting the exponential nature of its probability generating function, it is shown that the pgf of the compound distribution is the moment generating function of the compounding random variable. This relationship leads to rather interesting general results. Particularly, the development of the condi...