This study examines the psychological consequences of the introduction of the Euro. People who are not used to the new currency experience higher levels of uncertainty when processing Euro prices and may consequently be more susceptible to biasing influences. We demonstrate that in Winter 2001 – immediately before the introduction of the Euro – German participants were indeed more strongly infl...

BACKGROUND Evidence on the association between fish consumption and depression is inconsistent and virtually non-existent from low- and middle-income countries. Using a standard protocol, we aim to assess the association of fish consumption and late-life depression in seven low- and middle-income countries. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS We used cross-sectional data from the 10/66 cohort study and appl...

The financial crisis and the Great Recession to which it gave rise exposed the deep flaws in standard macro-economic models, and in the way those models were deployed. In this paper, based on a talk given to the Turkish Economic Association in November 2012, Joseph E. Stiglitz discusses the range of these deficiencies and the ways in which the models must be reformed. The paper first examines f...

OBJECTIVE To compare the treatment costs of insulin glargine (IG; Lantus) to detemir (ID; Levemir), both combined with bolus insulin aspart (NovoRapid) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Germany. METHODS Cost comparison was based on data of a 1-year randomised controlled trial. IG was administered once daily and ID once (57% of patients) or twice daily (43%) according to treatment response. At the e...

This paper provides two microeconomic models that derive the social cost of a low emission zone (LEZ) for light vehicles. We apply to proposed LEZ vehicles in Stockholm, which would prohibit diesel cars Euro 5 or lower and gasoline 4 inner city (25 km2) conduct cost-benefit analysis LEZ. The first model is based on how an increase user impacts traffic volumes city. rather conventional calculati...

Fugitive emissions are unintentionally produced by pipeline leakage and evaporation in industrial processes contribute 5% of Global Greenhouse Gas (GHG). Frictional wear thermal fatigue vehicle exhaust pipe couplings joints can cause leaks that not visible difficult to quantify. It is therefore essential trace document these sources. In this work, an experimental survey was conducted on buses a...

BACKGROUND Rituximab maintenance therapy was shown to significantly extend overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) in the pivotal EORTC 20981 trial. OBJECTIVE To assess the long-term costs and cost effectiveness of rituximab maintenance therapy after induction therapy versus current standard practice (observation) from the Fren...

Abstract We estimate the effects of quantitative easing (QE) measures by ECB and Federal Reserve on US dollar-euro exchange rate at frequencies horizons relevant for policymakers. To do so, we derive a theoretically-consistent local projection regression equation from standard asset pricing formulation determination. then proxy unobserved QE shocks future changes in relative size central banks’...

The draft standard IEC 61000-4-20 includes the GTEM cell as a measurement facility for emission and immunity tests. A Best Practice Guide is being written, giving guidance how to perform measurements according to this standard, and with acceptable uncertainties. This paper presents some results of the research performed to produce this guide. Frequencies above 1 GHz are increasingly required fo...

BACKGROUND A selective switch to elective single embryo transfer (eSET) in IVF has been suggested to prevent complications of fertility treatment for both mother and infants. We compared seven IVF strategies concerning their cost-effectiveness using a Markov model. METHODS The model was based on a three IVF-attempts time horizon and a societal perspective using real world strategies and data,...